ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
P-21 Kinase 1 or 4 Knockout Stimulated Anti-Tumour Immunity Against Pancreatic Cancer by Enhancing Vascular Normalisation.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- The interplay between p21-activated kinases and tumour-infiltrating dendritic cells and T cells and its implication in pancreatic cancer immunotherapy.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Knockout of PAK1 and PAK4 supresses tumour growth associated with vasculogenic mimicry inhibition through EphA2-VE-cadherin-MCAM pathway.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Sodium new houttuyfonate affects tumor angiogenesis by suppressing FGF1 expression and the p38/MAPK signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Targeting PAK1 or PAK4 Uncovers Different Mechanisms of Vascular Reprogramming in Pancreatic Cancer.Cells · 2025Article
- The Effects of PAK-Regulated Tumour Vasculature on Gemcitabine Response of Pancreatic Cancer.Cancers · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) exhibits diverse molecular aberrancies that contribute to its aggressive behaviour and poor patient survival. P-21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) and PAK4 drive the tumorigenesis of PDA. However, their roles in tumour vasculature and the impact on immune response are unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of PAK1 and PAK4 on tumour vasculature, immune cell infiltration, and the connection between using PAK1-knockout (KO), PAK4 KO, and wild-type (WT) PDA cells in cell-based and mouse experiments. Tumour tissues isolated from a syngeneic mouse model were immuno-stained to determine the changes in tumour vasculature and immune cell infiltration/activation, followed by a proteomic study to assess biological processes involved. PAK1KO or PAK4KO suppressed tumour growth by reducing angiogenesis while enhancing vascular normalisation, enhanced the infiltration/activation of T-cells and dendritic cells associated with upregulation of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in the tumour microenvironment, and stimulated vascular immune crosstalk via an ICAM-1-mediated mechanism. This was supported by proteomic profiles indicating the regulation of endothelial cell and leukocyte trans-endothelial migration in PAK1- or PAK4-knockout tumours. In conclusion, PAK1KO or PAK4KO enhanced tumour vascular normalisation while reducing angiogenesis, stimulating immune cell infiltration and activation to suppress tumour growth.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.