ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
Enhancing Antitumor Efficacy of MUC1 mRNA Nano-Vaccine by CTLA-4 siRNA-Mediated Immune Checkpoint Modulation in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Mice Model.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advancements in Immune Checkpoint-Based Immunotherapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- CTLA-4 Antisense Oligonucleotide Contributes to Enhanced Immunogenicity of an Adjuvanted RecombinantVaccines · 2026Article
- mRNA cancer vaccines: delivery strategies, immune modulation, and clinical translation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunotherapy, particularly approaches that combine tumor-specific vaccines with immune checkpoint modulation, represents a promising strategy for overcoming tumor immune evasion. While most mRNA-based cancer vaccines focus solely on antigen delivery, there is a need for platforms that simultaneously enhance antigen presentation and modulate the tumor microenvironment to increase therapeutic efficacy. This study presents a novel dual-nanolipid exosome (NLE) platform that simultaneously delivers MUC1 mRNA and CTLA-4-targeted siRNA in a single system. These endogenous lipid-based nanoparticles are structurally designed to mimic exosomes and are modified with mannose to enable selective targeting to dendritic cells (DCs) via mannose receptors. The platform was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo in terms of mRNA encapsulation efficiency, nanoparticle stability, and uptake by DCs. The co-delivery platform significantly enhanced antitumor immune responses compared to monotherapies. Flow cytometry revealed a notable increase in tumor-infiltrating CD8
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.