ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Atherosclerosis: Pathways, Biomarkers, and Targets.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Metabolomic Profiling Has the Potential to Differentiate Between Iron Deficiency Anemia and Anemia of Inflammation.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Perspectives.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Gut Microbiota and Atherosclerotic Plaque Instability: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Gut Microbiome-Hormone Interactions and Precision Fermentation in the Prevention of Early Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Gut Microbiota and Diabetic Complications: Potential Mechanisms, Microbial Signatures, and Clinical Implications.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Host-Microbiota Metabolic Interactions in Atherosclerosis: Oral, gut, and Blood Perspectives.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- The Gut Microbiota-Metabolite-Host Axis in Cardiometabolic Diseases: Bridging Bench to Bedside.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2026Review
- Dietary Nutrients, Gut Microbiota, and Cardiac Function: From Metabolic Mechanisms to Clinical Applications.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Microbiota-Mediated Crosstalk Between the Gut and the Vascular System: Protective Effects of Novel Postbiotic Formulations on Human Endothelial and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Integrative multi-omics analysis identifies a robust 14-metabolite signature and reveals microbiome-metabolite-host interactions in atherosclerosis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Microbiota-mediated mechanisms of natural products in atherosclerosis: focus on metabolic and inflammatory pathways.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- PANoptosis links gut dysbiosis to obstructive sleep apnea-associated atherosclerosis: a gut-vascular inflammatory axis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The role of gut microbiome disruption in the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated kidney disease.Acta biochimica Polonica · 2026Review
- AI-driven identification of nutrition-modulated biomarkers and drug targets for cardiovascular therapeutic mechanisms.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Classification of intestinal inflammation driven by gut microbiota metabolites: a new paradigm for precision treatment of cardiovascular diseases.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota dysbiosis-induced chronic inflammation as a driver of atherosclerosis: cellular crosstalk and host-microbe interactions.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Microbiota-Driven Immune Dysregulation Along the Gut-Lung-Vascular Axis in Asthma and Atherosclerosis.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Gut Microbiota and Atherosclerosis: Integrative Multi-Omics and Mechanistic Insights.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2025Review
- An expert narrative review on the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of gut microbiota-derived metabolites in multi-organ crosstalk.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem that influences host metabolism, immune function, and cardiovascular health. Dysbiosis, defined as an imbalance in microbial composition or function, has been linked to the development and progression of atherosclerosis. This connection is mediated by microbial metabolites that enter the systemic circulation and interact with vascular and immune pathways. Among these, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has been most extensively studied and is consistently associated with cardiovascular events. Other metabolites, including lipopolysaccharides (LPS), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and secondary bile acids, also contribute by modulating inflammation, endothelial function, and lipid metabolism. Recent research has expanded to emerging metabolites such as indoxyl sulfate, indole-3-propionic acid, and polyamines, which may provide additional mechanistic insights. These microbial products are increasingly explored as biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. TMAO has shown predictive value in large human cohorts, while microbiota composition and diversity measures remain less consistent across studies. However, interpretation of these biomarkers is limited by methodological variability, interindividual differences, and lack of standardization. Therapeutic interventions targeting the gut-heart axis are under investigation. Dietary strategies such as the Mediterranean diet and fiber-rich nutrition, probiotics and prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) show promise, while pharmacological approaches targeting TMAO or bile acid pathways are in early stages. This review summarizes current knowledge on the mechanistic, diagnostic, and therapeutic links between the gut microbiota and atherosclerosis, highlighting both established findings and emerging directions for future research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.