ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
Translating Biomarker Discovery: From Bench to Bedside in Dry Eye Disease.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Molecular Target Discovery and Systemic Mechanism Analysis of Teriflunomide for Dry Eye Disease.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Simultaneous quantification of lifitegrast and Rebamipide in hydrogel-based contact lenses using spectroscopic method.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Immuno-inflammatory axis of menopausal dry eye: from hormonal fluctuations to ocular surface dysregulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dry Eye Disease (DED) is a complex, multifaceted ocular disease characterized by tear film instability and inflammation. It can sometimes be elusive to identify the type of DED in patients, given the overlapping symptoms with other conditions like allergies and the multitude of stimuli that might trigger DED onset. There is also difficulty due to limitations on the diagnostic testing available to clinicians, as poor reliability and a lack of standardization plague accurate diagnoses. Identified biomarkers can help identify DED pathophysiology and category, and these include molecular biomarkers like matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), cytokines, lactotransferrin, and lacritin, as well as functional biomarkers such as tear osmolarity. Diagnostic tools, such as the InflammaDry and I-Pen Tear Osmolarity System, also now allow for point-of-care measurement of select biomarkers, including MMP-9 and osmolarity. Nonetheless, there remains a critical need for additional, reliable, and accurate diagnostic devices to better aid in the diagnosis and management of DED. This review uniquely combines a review on the current understanding of various biomarkers with an overview of the emerging technologies available to healthcare providers, aiding in better-informed diagnosis and treatment of DED.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.