Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40944756›Full record

ArticleAmino acids2025

Metabolic alterations in diabetic patients: aqueous humor profiling for biomarker discovery.

Arturs Zemitis, Lelde Svjascenkova, Sandra Bleidele, Alberts Veitners, Juris Vanags, Kristaps Klavins, Guna Laganovska

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Amino acids, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Arturs ZemitisDepartment of Ophthalmology, Riga Stradins University, 13 Pilsoņu Iela, Riga, Latvia. arturs.zemitis@stradini.lv.
Lelde SvjascenkovaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Riga Stradins University, 13 Pilsoņu Iela, Riga, Latvia.
Sandra BleideleDepartment of Ophthalmology, Riga Stradins University, 13 Pilsoņu Iela, Riga, Latvia.
Alberts VeitnersDepartment of Ophthalmology, Riga Stradins University, 13 Pilsoņu Iela, Riga, Latvia.
Juris VanagsDepartment of Ophthalmology, Riga Stradins University, 13 Pilsoņu Iela, Riga, Latvia.
Kristaps KlavinsInstitute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia.
Guna LaganovskaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Riga Stradins University, 13 Pilsoņu Iela, Riga, Latvia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy, a leading cause of vision loss in working-age populations, is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus. Metabolomics, a key approach in systems biology, offers insights into the complex pathophysiology of diabetes by analyzing low-molecular-weight compounds in biological contexts. This study investigated metabolite alterations in the aqueous humor of diabetic and non-diabetic patients undergoing cataract surgery to identify potential biomarkers associated with diabetes. Aqueous humor samples from 191 patients (48 diabetic, 143 non-diabetic) were analyzed using targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Metabolite data were normalized and statistically evaluated using univariate analysis, including fold change calculations, t-tests, and volcano plots. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed using KEGG, SMPDB, and RaMP-DP databases. Key findings revealed differential abundance of several metabolites, including upregulated 3-hydroxykynurenine, histamine, and octanoylcarnitine, and downregulated putrescine in diabetic patients. Although some metabolites exhibited low p-values (< 0.05), high FDR limited the statistical robustness of these findings. Quantitative enrichment analysis suggested potential involvement of the kynurenine pathway and tryptophan catabolism in diabetes-related metabolic changes. The study highlights the potential roles of these metabolites in diabetes-related ocular changes, supported by prior research linking them to oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation. Antioxidative therapies targeting diabetes-associated metabolic alterations may offer potential for mitigating diabetes-related complications. High FDR underscores the need for cautious interpretation and further validation in larger cohorts. Future studies should focus on longitudinal analyses and mechanistic investigations to clarify the diagnostic and prognostic potential of these metabolites in diabetic retinopathy and other diabetes-related complications.

Indexed as

Aqueous HumorDiabetic RetinopathyAgedBiomarkersFemaleHumansMaleMetabolomicsMiddle AgedBiomarkers3-HydroxykynurenineAqueous humorBiomarkersDiabetes mellitusOxidative stressTaurineVitamin B6

Identifiers

PMID40944756
PMCPMC12433443

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.