ArticleThe journal of pain2025
A cautionary tale: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and localized provoked vulvodynia.
Article in The journal of pain, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives in vulvodynia: From current evidence to future investigations.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Review
- Response letter to Oka et al.'s letter to the editor.The journal of pain · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Localized provoked vulvodynia (LPV) is characterized by chronic vulvar pain upon light touch to the vulvar vestibule, a specialized ring of tissue immediately surrounding the vaginal opening. LPV affects ∼14 million people in the US. Current treatments for LPV include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), but clinical evidence has demonstrated that they are ineffective for vulvar pain. Here, the effects of NSAID treatment on inflammation and resolution in an in vitro model of LPV were explored using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), calcium imaging, and metabololipidomics. Additionally, the effectiveness of NSAID treatment on mitigating chronic vulvar pain was assessed using a validated LPV mouse model that mimics key features of vulvodynia. These findings indicate that although NSAID treatment reduced pro-inflammatory eicosanoid production in vulvar fibroblasts, lipidomic analysis revealed that COX inhibition also downregulated levels of pro-resolving lipids, namely epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), lipoxins (LXs), and resolvin E-series (RvEs). In vivo, NSAID treatment did not restore vulvar pain thresholds back to baseline levels in mice. Overall, this study offers one possible explanation for previous reports of the ineffectiveness of NSAIDs on managing LPV-associated vulvar pain. PERSPECTIVE: Taking NSAIDs to manage chronic vulvar pain may downregulate levels of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators, thereby resulting in prolonged pain and delayed inflammation resolution. This study provides one possible explanation for clinical reports of the ineffectiveness of NSAIDs in the mitigation of vulvodynia-associated pain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.