Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40946271›Full record

ArticleAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences2025

Enhancing Human Action Inhibition Through Cortico-Cortical Paired Associative Stimulation.

Lorenzo Però, Nicolò Arlati, Laura Lenzi, Thomas Quettier, Simone Battaglia, Sara Borgomaneri

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Lorenzo PeròCenter For Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari," Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy.
Nicolò ArlatiCenter For Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari," Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy.
Laura LenziCenter For Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari," Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy.
Thomas QuettierCenter For Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari," Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy.
Simone BattagliaCenter For Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari," Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy.
Sara BorgomaneriCenter For Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari," Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4959-6442

Funding

Fundação Bial 033/22Fundação Bial 235/22Ministry of University and Research 2022XKZBFCMinistry of University and Research PE0000006
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Reactive inhibition is crucial for preventing inappropriate actions, and impairments in this ability are common in various disorders, with the underlying neural mechanisms poorly understood. To explore the neural dynamics of such an ability, we used a novel transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocol, cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS), to induce Hebbian spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). Our goal was to investigate the functional relevance of key brain regions in the action inhibition network (AIN). Healthy participants underwent ccPAS targeting functional connectivity between AIN regions: pre/supplementary motor area (preSMA/SMA) to the left motor cortex (lM1), right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) to lM1, or right M1 (rM1) to lM1. Participants completed a stop signal task (SST) before and after ccPAS stimulation. Motor evoked potentials (MEP) were recorded during ccPAS to assess network plasticity, and resting motor threshold (rMT) was measured for global motor excitability. Reactive inhibition improved selectively in the preSMA/SMA-lM1 group, with MEPs increasing after preSMA/SMA-lM1 and rM1-lM1 stimulation, suggesting facilitatory modulations. rMT correlated with behavioral improvement in the preSMA/SMA group. These findings demonstrate that ccPAS improved reactive inhibition, enhancing plasticity between preSMA/SMA and lM1, providing insights into the AIN's functional mechanism.

Indexed as

Motor CortexNeural InhibitionTranscranial Magnetic StimulationAdultEvoked Potentials, MotorFemaleHumansMaleNeuronal PlasticityYoung Adultaction inhibition networkcortico–cortical paired associative stimulationHebbian plasticityreactive inhibitionstop signal task

Identifiers

PMID40946271
PMCPMC12576882

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.