ArticleDiabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy2025
Hypertension and BMI as Mediators of Type 2 Diabetes-Induced CKD: Insights from an Integrative Multi-Database Study.
Article in Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Spatiotemporal Trends in Chronic Kidney Disease Mortality and Its Association with Low Temperature in the United States (1999-2023).International journal of nephrology and renovascular disease · 2026Article
- Serum microRNA-126 Levels Are Associated With Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.International journal of endocrinology · 2026Article
- A FAERS database study on visual impairment adverse events associated with three long-acting insulin analogues.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Diabetes: A Subspecialty of Medicine and a Matter of Public Health.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Article
- The triglyceride-high-density lipoprotein-glucose-body index: a superior novel biomarker for diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease is a major global health concern, with type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) significantly contributing to its burden. This study examines global trends, key risk factors, and clinical characteristics of T2DN to identify modifiable contributors and inform precision management. Methods: Data from the 2021 GBD Study, Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses, NHANES, and a clinical cohort were utilized. Trends in prevalence, incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and population-attributable fractions (PAF) of T2DN risk factors were analyzed globally and across sociodemographic strata. Genetic determinants were identified via two-sample and multivariable MR, while clinical data were analyzed using regression and correlation analyses. Results: Between 1990 and 2021, T2DN prevalence, incidence, and DALYs increased globally, and the global mortality rate rose from 5.73 (4.81, 6.83) to 10.25 (8.62, 12.15). High fasting plasma glucose was the primary risk factor, with rising PAFs for high BMI and systolic blood pressure (SBP), and the global PAF for deaths due to T2DN attributed to high fasting plasma glucose increased from 0.80 to 0.90. MR analysis confirmed causal links between fasting glucose (β = 1.351, Conclusion: T2DM progression to T2DN is driven by hyperglycemia, BMI, and BP, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.