Evidence mapPaperPMID 40949447Full record

ArticleTranslational andrology and urology2025

Assessments of neurogenic bladder dysfunction induced by spinal cord injury, bladder outlet obstruction and diabetes: a comparative study of rat models.

Shuwen Sun, Jingcheng Zhang, Ailiyaer Ainiwaer, Yuchao Liu, Danjing Shen, Yufeng Jiang, Hanyang Chen, Ayinuer Bohetiyaer, Tong Wu, Yuchen Gao and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Translational andrology and urology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Shuwen Sun *Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Jingcheng Zhang *Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Ailiyaer Ainiwaer *Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Yuchao Liu *Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Danjing ShenDepartment of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Yufeng JiangInstitute of Urinary Oncology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Hanyang ChenDepartment of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Ayinuer BohetiyaerDepartment of Nephrology, Kashgar Prefecture First People's Hospital, Kashgar, China.
Tong WuDepartment of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Yuchen GaoDepartment of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Wei LiDepartment of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Yunfei XuDepartment of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Tianyuan XuDepartment of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Yang YanDepartment of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Neurogenic bladder (NB) refers to urinary storage and voiding dysfunction resulting from neurological disorders. Animal models of NB are commonly used in preclinical studies, but the distinct characteristics of various modeling techniques are infrequently compared. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the functional and pathological outcomes of different NB rat models. Methods: Three rat NB models were induced by spinal cord injury (SCI), bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), and diabetes. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr) levels, along with urine flow dynamics, were assessed at weeks 1, 2, 4, and 8. At the 10-week endpoint, animals were euthanized, and bladder weights were recorded for each specimen. Pathological analysis and western blotting were conducted to evaluate bladder muscle fibrosis. Results: All three rat NB models were successfully established. At week 8, the average maximum/minimum bladder pressures for the SCI, BOO, and diabetic NB rats were 34.0/27.8, 40.4/30.2, and 32.1/28.8 mmH Conclusions: The three NB rat models effectively replicated clinical and pathological features, including reduced bladder compliance, renal dysfunction, and bladder fibrosis. Among these models, SCI offers the fastest method for inducing NB. Renal function impairment was more pronounced in the SCI- and BOO-induced NB models, with BOO resulting in the most significant pathological changes in the bladder.

Indexed as

animal modelsbladder fibrosisNeurogenic bladder (NB)urodynamics

Identifiers

PMID40949447
PMCPMC12433162

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.