ReviewCureus2025
Empagliflozin and Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials in Populations With Diabetes and Heart Failure.
Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Effect of Empagliflozin on Renal Outcomes in Patients With Established Cardiovascular Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trials.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- SGLT2 Inhibition as a Perioperative Cardiorenal Stabilizer in Cardiac Surgery: Integrated Clinical Cohort and Pleiotropic Network-Based Pharmacological Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a principal cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, disproportionately affecting individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and heart failure. Empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, has shown promising cardioprotective effects beyond its glucose-lowering properties. This systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, involving a comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from inception to May 2025. Randomized controlled trials evaluating empagliflozin in adult patients with T2DM or heart failure and reporting cardiovascular outcomes were included. A total of 13 RCTs comprising 21,669 participants were synthesized, encompassing a broad spectrum of populations, including high-risk T2DM, chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and post-myocardial infarction cohorts. Empagliflozin was consistently associated with significant reductions in major adverse cardiovascular events, notably a 14-38% reduction in cardiovascular mortality and a 23-35% reduction in heart failure hospitalizations across key trials, such as EMPA-REG OUTCOME, EMPEROR-Reduced, and EMPEROR-Preserved. Smaller mechanistic studies highlighted additional benefits, including improvements in left ventricular function, cardiac remodeling, exercise capacity, and hemodynamic parameters. The safety profile of empagliflozin was favorable, with the main adverse event being an increased incidence of mild genital infections, and no excess in severe adverse or hypoglycemic events. Despite some heterogeneity in trial populations and follow-up, current evidence robustly supports empagliflozin as an effective and safe strategy to reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with T2DM and heart failure. Further research is warranted to explore long-term outcomes and expand indications to broader patient populations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.