Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40956548›Full record

ReviewDrugs2025

The Road to Remyelination in Multiple Sclerosis: Breakthroughs, Challenges, and Considerations for Future Trial Design.

Leah Zuroff, Vista Farkhondeh, Riley Bove, Ari J Green

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Drugs, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Opioid Signaling in Multiple Sclerosis: Emerging Targets for Repair.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Leah ZuroffDivision of Neuroimmunology and Glial Biology, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-6174
Vista FarkhondehDivision of Neuroimmunology and Glial Biology, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1327-6722
Riley BoveDivision of Neuroimmunology and Glial Biology, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2034-8800
Ari J GreenDivision of Neuroimmunology and Glial Biology, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. agreen@ucsf.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9275-3066

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite major advances in multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment, disability accumulation independent of relapse activity remains a significant challenge. Chronic demyelination is a key driver of neurodegeneration and disease progression, highlighting remyelination as a promising therapeutic strategy. Collective evidence from several phase II clinical trials now indicates that remyelination is feasible in patients with MS. However, several drug development programs have yielded less robust responses than anticipated, which has limited translation of therapies into clinical practice. This underscores the need for refined trial methodologies, including careful selection of patient populations, validation of biomarkers, and implementation of functional outcomes that accurately capture remyelination effects. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of remyelination mechanisms, assess the therapeutic landscape, and discuss strategies to improve clinical trial design. Addressing key questions-such as the optimal timing, patient selection, and methods of measurement-will be crucial for advancing the field and ushering in a new wave of MS therapeutics.

Indexed as

Multiple SclerosisRemyelinationAnimalsBiomarkersClinical Trials as TopicDisease ProgressionDrug DevelopmentHumansResearch DesignBiomarkers

Identifiers

PMID40956548
PMCPMC12572068

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.