ArticleCell2025
Mining the CD4 antigen repertoire for next-generation tuberculosis vaccines.
Article in Cell, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bioengineering strategies for improving the immunogenicity of mRNA vaccines.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Antigen 85B ofVaccines · 2026Review
- From vaccinology to immunology and back: progress and challenges.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- mRNA vaccine development for tuberculosis: antigen design, immune mechanisms, and translational challenges.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- HowVaccines · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy targeting drug-tolerant Mycobacterium tuberculosis persisters accelerates tuberculosis cure in preclinical models.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- MTB-ImmunogenKG: An LLM-assisted knowledge graph for antigen selection in tuberculosis vaccine research.Biosafety and health · 2026Article
- Prophylactic and post-exposure efficacy of a Pichinde virus vector-based tuberculosis vaccine.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Enhancing tuberculosis vaccine efficacy with a heterologous mRNA-ChAdOx1 prime-pull strategy targeting lung-resident memory T cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Immunopeptidomics can inform the design of mRNA vaccines for the delivery ofScience translational medicine · 2025Article
- A multi-epitope vaccine incorporating adhesin-derived antigens protects againstFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from infectious disease worldwide, and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) remains the only clinically approved vaccine. An enduring challenge in TB vaccine development is systematic antigen selection from a large repertoire of potential candidates. We performed an efficacy screen in mice of antigens that are targets of CD4 T cells in humans. We found striking heterogeneity in protective efficacy, and most of the top protective antigens are not currently in clinical development. We observed immunologic cross-reactivity among phylogenetically clustered antigens, reflecting common CD4 epitopes. We developed a trivalent mRNA vaccine consisting of PPE20 (Rv1387), EsxG (Rv0287), and PE18 (Rv1788), which augmented and exceeded BCG protection in multiple mouse models. Finally, we observed cellular immune responses to these antigens in 84% of humans exposed to M. tuberculosis. These data advance our understanding of TB vaccine immunology and define a vaccine concept for clinical development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.