Sex differences in human atrial electrophysiology: the dark side of the moon? Will engineered heart tissue help to bring light into the darkness?

Djemail Ismaili, Junsoo Im, Renate B Schnabel, Thomas Eschenhagen, Torsten Christ

Abstract readReview

In one paragraph

Review in Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Head-to-head comparison of non-invasive markers of atrial cardiomyopathy and their association with arrhythmia recurrence after atrial fibrillation ablation.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Djemail IsmailiInstitute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

Junsoo ImInstitute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

Renate B SchnabelDepartment of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

Thomas EschenhagenInstitute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

Torsten ChristInstitute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. t.christ@uke.de.

Funding

Else Kröner-Fresenius Stiftung 2023_EKEA.183

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sex-related differences in cardiac electrophysiology are well established in the ventricle and have reached textbook level. In contrast, our understanding of sex effects in the human atrium remains limited, despite clear clinical observations such as the lower incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in women. In this review, we summarize sex differences and discuss potential reasons for the imbalance in knowledge, including the lack of ECG markers for atrial repolarization, the minimal contribution of I

Indexed as

Atrial FunctionHeart AtriaSex CharacteristicsTissue EngineeringAnimalsAtrial FibrillationFemaleHumansMaleArrhythmiaAtrial electrophysiologyAtrial fibrillationEngineered heart tissueSex differencesSex hormones

Identifiers

PMID40960517

DOI10.1007/s00210-025-04587-w

PMCPMC12901225

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.