Evidence mapPaperPMID 40961132Full record

ArticlePloS one2025

The burden of non-communicable disease risk factors in a low-income population: Findings from a cross-sectional study highlighting the prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and metabolic disorders in the south of Quito, Ecuador.

Sergio Morales-Garzón, Juan Vasconez, Jessica Pinto Delgado, Francisco Barrera-Guarderas, Elisa Chilet-Rosell, Marta Puig-García, Andrés Peralta, María Fernanda Rivadeneira Guerrero, Ana Lucía Torres-Castillo, Lucy Anne Parker

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Sergio Morales-GarzónDepartment of Public Health, History of Science and Gynaecology Department, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8666-1090
Juan VasconezFaculty of Nursing, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.
Jessica Pinto DelgadoInstitute of Public Health, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE), Quito, Ecuador.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6887-1369
Francisco Barrera-GuarderasFaculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.
Elisa Chilet-RosellDepartment of Public Health, History of Science and Gynaecology Department, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain.
Marta Puig-GarcíaDepartment of Public Health, History of Science and Gynaecology Department, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3259-9524
Andrés PeraltaInstitute of Public Health, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE), Quito, Ecuador.
María Fernanda Rivadeneira GuerreroInstitute of Public Health, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE), Quito, Ecuador.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7525-1600
Ana Lucía Torres-CastilloInstitute of Public Health, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE), Quito, Ecuador.
Lucy Anne ParkerDepartment of Public Health, History of Science and Gynaecology Department, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesWe describe the prevalence of Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) risk factors in a low-income health district in the South of Quito, Ecuador. STUDY

designWe conducted a cross-sectional study between November 2020 and October 2021.

methodsWe used multi-stage cluster sampling to select 656 of población total adult residents of 17D06 health district, enabling a prevalence estimation with at least ±5.73% absolute precision. We collected socio-demographic information and behavioural risk factors using the expanded WHO STEPwise approach to NCD surveillance. We measured height, weight, and blood pressure, and collected blood samples to assess glucose levels, lipid profiles, and renal function. We estimated the prevalence of behavioural and metabolic NCD risk factors by sex and age groups (18-44, 45-69, and >70).

resultsOne-third of participants were obese (33.2% overall, 148 women, 38,7%, and 41 men, 22%), and more than half had a raised waist circumference (56.8%, N = 322). Hypertension affected 26.9% of participants (63 men, 33% and 90 women, 24%). Hyperglycaemia affected 7.9% (N = 45) of participants and increased with age and peaked at 22% among women over 70. More than half of the participants presented hypercholesterolemia (317 individuals, 56.2%). Low consumption of fruit and vegetables, high salt consumption and high sugar consumption were common in all population groups (88.4%, N = 580, 33.2%. N = 218 and 72.4%, N = 475, respectively).

conclusionsThe critical prevalence of NCD risk factors in this low-income urban district of Quito, alongside similar trends observed in other settings across Latin America, underscores the need for ecological public health strategies to create healthy environments and promote healthier behaviours. Gender-sensitive approaches may be useful to address differences between sexes.

Indexed as

HypertensionMetabolic DiseasesNoncommunicable DiseasesObesityPovertyAdolescentAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesEcuadorFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID40961132
PMCPMC12443244

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.