Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40962226›Full record

SynthesisAdvances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)2025

Universal Subconstructs of a Healthy Diet for Children and Adolescents: A Critical Review.

Teresa R Schwendler, Edward A Frongillo, Hope C Craig, Giles T Hanley-Cook, Isabela Fleury Sattamini, Chika Hayashi, Vrinda Mehra, Alissa M Pries, Kuntal Saha, Jennifer C Coates and 1 more

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Teresa R SchwendlerFriedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States. Electronic address: Teresa.Schwendler@Tufts.edu.
Edward A FrongilloDepartment of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States.
Hope C CraigFriedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States.
Giles T Hanley-CookFood and Nutrition Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
Isabela Fleury SattaminiDepartment of Nutrition and Food Safety, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Chika HayashiData and Analytics Section, Division of Data, Analytics, Planning and Monitoring, United Nations Children's Fund, New York, NY, United States.
Vrinda MehraData and Analytics Section, Division of Data, Analytics, Planning and Monitoring, United Nations Children's Fund, New York, NY, United States.
Alissa M PriesIndependent consultant, London, United Kingdom.
Kuntal SahaDepartment of Nutrition and Food Safety, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Jennifer C CoatesFriedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States.
Healthy Diets Monitoring Initiative

Funding

World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To monitor diets among children and adolescents, a thorough understanding of the underlying subconstructs of a healthy diet is needed to inform what should be measured. The aim of this study was to identify universal subconstructs of a healthy diet for children and adolescents aged 2-19 y, understand alignment with subconstructs for adults, and inform recommendations for metrics that aim to monitor the healthiness of diets among children and adolescents at global and national levels. A critical narrative review was carried out in 3 phases. Phase 1: A systematic review of literature published between 2014 and 2024 was conducted. A subset of articles (n = 100) was purposefully sampled based on predefined characteristics. Then, content analysis was performed to identify subconstructs of healthy diets. Phase 2: The identified dietary subconstructs were compared with the 6 subconstructs for adults recognized by the Healthy Diets Monitoring Initiative (HDMI). Phase 3: The identified subconstructs were compared with existing healthy diet metrics concurrently identified by HDMI as suitable for global monitoring of child and adolescent diets. Eight subconstructs specific to children and adolescents were identified: nutrient, energy, and food group requirements; foods and nutrients to limit or avoid; food group diversity and variety; macronutrient and energy balance; nutrient-rich foods or food groups; food safety; eating frequency; and eating regularity. Compared with the 6 subconstructs of adult healthy diets identified by HDMI, 2 subconstructs differed in their operationalization and 2 child- and adolescent-specific subconstructs were considered to be not conceptually distinct. Diet metrics identified as suitable for global monitoring of child and adolescent diets reflect nutrient, energy, and food group requirements; foods and nutrients to limit or avoid; and food group diversity and variety but no other diet subconstructs. The findings inform the development and validation of healthy diet metrics for children and adolescents.

Indexed as

Diet, HealthyAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansMaleNutrition PolicyYoung Adultadolescentschildrendietmonitoringnutrition policy

Identifiers

PMID40962226
PMCPMC12547737

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.