ArticleBritish journal of cancer2025
CA125 and age-based models for ovarian cancer detection in primary care: a population-based external validation study.
Article in British journal of cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- LncRNAs in Ovarian Cancer: Emerging Insights and Future Perspectives in Tumor Biology and Clinical Applications.Cancers · 2026Review
- Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in ovarian cancer: transforming detection, treatment, and prevention.Journal of ovarian research · 2026Review
- Preoperative serum HE4 combined with CA125 testing for predicting the risk of suboptimal cytoreduction in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Impact of cancer outcome data source on the diagnostic accuracy of ovarian cancer prediction models: a primary care cohort study.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Is now the time to rethink risk thresholds in cancer referral guidelines?The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2025Article
- Cost-effectiveness of CA125- and age-informed risk-based triage for ovarian cancer detection in primary care.British journal of cancer · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCancer antigen-125 (CA125) is widely used to investigate symptoms of possible ovarian cancer (OC) in primary care. However, OC risk varies with age and CA125 level. We externally validated the Ovatools models, which provide CA125- and age-specific OC risk.
methodsThe performance of Ovatools in predicting OC diagnosis within 12 months of primary care CA125 was examined using English healthcare data for women <50 and ≥50 years. Discrimination and calibration were examined, accuracy was calculated at varying risk thresholds and compared to CA125 ≥ 35U/ml. We estimated OCs missed/detected by Ovatools in hypothetical diagnostic pathways, including a two-threshold pathway where moderate risk (1-2.9%) triggered primary care ultrasound, and higher risk (≥3%) triggered urgent cancer referral.
results342,278 women were included, 0.63% had OC. The AUC was 0.95 in women ≥50 and 0.89 in women <50. When sensitivity/specificity were matched to CA125 ≥ 35U/ml, Ovatools showed marginally improved performance across other accuracy metrics in women ≥50 years. In a two-threshold pathway (≥50 years), 18.3% identified for urgent referral and 1% identified for ultrasound had OC. DISCUSSION: Ovatools performed well on external validation. Ovatools could be used to support informed decision-making and to triage women for further investigation based on cancer risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.