Evidence mapPaperPMID 40964006Full record

ArticleResearch square2025

Association Between Plant-Based Diet Quality and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Darya Moosavi, Unhee Lim, Meredith Hullar, Christoph Rettenmeier, Sandi Kwee, Kristine Monroe, Thomas Ernst, Tim Randolph, Lynne Wilkens, Loic Le Marchand and 2 more

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Article in Research square, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Darya MoosaviFred Hutch Cancer Center.ORCID 0000-0002-2575-9510
Unhee LimUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa.ORCID 0000-0001-6221-7190
Meredith HullarFred Hutchinson Cancer Center.
Christoph RettenmeierKeck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California.
Sandi KweeKeck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California.
Kristine MonroeKeck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California.
Thomas ErnstUniversity of Hawaii Cancer Center.
Tim RandolphUniversity of Hawaii Cancer Center.
Lynne WilkensUniversity of Hawaii Cancer Center.
Loic Le MarchandUniversity of Hawaii Cancer Center.
Johanna LampeFred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center.
Song-Yi ParkUniversity of Hawaii.ORCID 0000-0001-7734-5320

Funding

Understanding Population Differences in Cancer: The MEC StudyU01CA164973 · UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA · 2025 to 2025
$4.9M
Longitudinal Study of Early NAFLD Progression and the Gut Microbiome in Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians and WhitesR01MD018265 · UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA · 2025 to 2025
$750k
NCI NIH HHS P01 CA168530NCI NIH HHS U01 CA164973NIMHD NIH HHS R01 MD018265
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a growing public health concern with limited effective treatments. Diet quality may influence MASLD risk, yet the role of plant-based diet quality across diverse populations remains unclear. Objective: To evaluate the associations of plant-based dietary patterns with liver fat content or MASLD prevalence in multiethnic older adults. Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data on 1,598 participants in the Adiposity Phenotype Study (APS), nested within the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Scores for three established plant-based diet indices were computed from food frequency questionnaire responses: overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), and unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI). Liver fat was measured using MRI, and MASLD was defined, among participants reporting zero to low alcohol intakes. Multivariable linear models of liver fat and logistic models of MASLD were used to estimate their associations with the plant-based diet indices, adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and anthropometric covariates. Results: Higher hPDI scores were associated with lower liver fat content (adjusted mean for 4th (5.39) vs. 1st quartile (6.52) and reduced likelihood of MASLD (OR for 4th vs. 1st quartile = 0.58 (95% CI: 0.41-0.81). When stratified across five racial and ethnic groups, stronger inverse associations were observed among Latino and White participants (p-heterogeneity = 0.001) than among African American, Japanese American, or Native Hawaiian participants. No consistent associations were observed for PDI or uPDI. Among hPDI components, higher nut and lower animal fat intakes were associated with lower liver fat and MASLD. Conclusions: Greater adherence to a healthful plant-based diet is associated with lower liver fat and MASLD prevalence, with some racial and ethnic variation. These findings underscore the importance of plant-food quality and may inform dietary strategies for MASLD prevention in heterogeneous populations.

Indexed as

healthful plant-based dietliver fatMASLD

Identifiers

PMID40964006
PMCPMC12440105

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.