Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40964104›Full record

ArticleSichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition2025

[Effect of High-Altitude Hypoxia on the Pharmacokinetics and Brain Distribution of Phenytoin Sodium in Epileptic Rats].

Xiaojing Zhang, Yan Zhong, Hongfang Mu, Wenbin Li, Xiaomin Yang, Rong Wang

Abstract readEnglish Abstract
In one paragraph

Article in Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Xiaojing Zhang( 730050) Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1795-4399
Yan Zhong( 730050) Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China.
Hongfang Mu( 730050) Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China.
Wenbin Li( 730050) Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China.
Xiaomin Yang( 730050) Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China.
Rong Wang( 730050) Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China.ORCID https://orcid. org/0000-0001-9139-7311

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the effects of high-altitude hypoxic environment on the pharmacokinetic characteristics and brain tissue distribution of phenytoin sodium in epileptic rats. Methods: A total of 70 male SPF-grade Wistar rats aged 2 months and weighing (200 ± 20) g were used in the study. An epilepsy model was induced in the rats using the lithium chloride-pilocarpine method. The successfully modeled rats were randomly assigned to a normoxic treatment group and a high-altitude hypoxic treatment group. Phenytoin sodium was administered via intragastric gavage at a dose of 50 mg/kg in both groups. Blood samples were collected from the orbital venous plexus before treatment and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 24 h post treatment. The animals were euthanized after the final blood collection, and samples of the liver and the whole brain tissue were collected. In the brain tissue distribution experiment, brain tissue samples were collected at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h after drug administration. The concentration of phenytoin sodium in rat plasma and brain tissue was determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using WinNolin 8.1 software. The expression levels of CYP2C9 in liver tissue and those of P-gp in brain tissue of epileptic rats were determined by Western blot. Results: Compared with those in the normoxia group, the peak concentration, peak time, and half-life of phenytoin sodium in the high-altitude hypoxia group were significantly decreased by 46.0%, 42.3%, and 55.5%, respectively (all Conclusion: The hypoxic environment at high altitudes can promote the metabolism of phenytoin sodium, reduce its absorption efficiency, and change the characteristics its distribution in the brain, which may be related to the up-regulation of the expression of CYP2C9 in the liver and that of P-gp in the brain.

Indexed as

AltitudeAnticonvulsantsBrainEpilepsyHypoxiaPhenytoinAnimalsMaleRatsRats, WistarTissue DistributionAnticonvulsantsPhenytoinBrain tissue distributionCYP2C9High altitude hypoxiaP-gpPharmacokineticsPhenytoin sodium

Identifiers

PMID40964104
PMCPMC12439657

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.