Evidence mapPaperPMID 40964432Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2025

Mindfulness, music, visual occlusion in ketamine therapy for depression: do they change outcomes? A qualitative and quantitative analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Mina Kheirkhah, Nastasia McDonald, Julia Aepfelbacher, Manivel L Rengasamy, Sharvari Shivanekar, Crystal Spotts, Iya Cooper, Andrew Baumeister, Elizabeth Bell, Kevin Do-Nguyen and 10 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05168735 (Ketamine + Mindfulness for Depression), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05168735 phase1 / phase2completednot on this map

Ketamine + Mindfulness for Depression

TypeinterventionalSponsorRebecca PriceRan2022 to 2023Enrolled43ConditionsDepression, UnipolarArmsIntravenous Ketamine, Brief Mindfulness Exercises, Academic Exercises
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Mina KheirkhahExperimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Nastasia McDonaldDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Julia AepfelbacherDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Manivel L RengasamyDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Sharvari ShivanekarDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Crystal SpottsDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Iya CooperDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Andrew BaumeisterDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Elizabeth BellDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Kevin Do-NguyenDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Mary L WoodyDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Shabnam HosseinDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Ioline D HenterExperimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Allison C NugentMagnetoencephalography Core, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Nadia S HejaziExperimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Hamidreza JamalabadiDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Mani YaviExperimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Martin WalterDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
Carlos A ZarateExperimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Rebecca B PriceDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: This is the first randomized controlled trial to use both qualitative and quantitative methods to evaluate the effects of a combined sensory intervention that included mindfulness, music, and a light-occluding eye mask during antidepressant-dose ketamine treatment for depression. Methods: Forty-three participants with unipolar depressive disorder enrolled in the study; 22 individuals were randomly assigned to receive mindfulness, music, and eye mask during ketamine infusion, and 21 individuals in the control group received only ketamine without additional interventions. Quantitative analyses assessed the impact of combined sensory intervention on ketamine's antidepressant effects, and qualitative analyses explored the participants' experiences. Results: Depression scores improved significantly and similarly across both groups. However, adding combined sensory interventions to ketamine infusion enriched subjective experience. More participants in the combined sensory intervention group reported deeper engagement, a stronger sense of connection to reality, increased focus on the experience rather than the strangeness of it, moments of relief from sadness, and feelings of awe and spiritual insight compared to the control group. Four individuals in the combined sensory intervention group also reported discomfort. Discussion: Ketamine's antidepressant effects remained consistent with or without combined sensory intervention; however, mindfulness, music, and eye mask made the experience more meaningful and emotionally rich for many, though it also introduced discomfort for a few-this outcome might be avoided by making these interventions optional. Given the limited research on combining ketamine with sensory interventions, these results contribute valuable insights and underscore the need for further studies to explore this combined therapeutic approach. Clinical trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05168735, identifier NCT05168735.

Indexed as

depressiondepression rating scaleseye maskketaminemindfulnessmusicqualitative analysesquantitative analyses

Identifiers

PMID40964432
PMCPMC12439531

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.