Evidence mapPaperPMID 40964683Full record

ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2025

Association between dietary patterns and different obesity phenotypes among Inner Mongolia adults: a cross-sectional study.

Xin Liu, Pengpu Wang, Xinyan Wang, Ke Han, Huiqiu Zheng, Jing Zhao, Qianqian Du, Bowen Zhou, Bowen Wu, Xuemei Wang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Xin Liu *School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.
Pengpu Wang *School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.
Xinyan WangSchool of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.
Ke HanOrdos Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ordos, China.
Huiqiu ZhengSchool of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.
Jing ZhaoSchool of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.
Qianqian DuSchool of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.
Bowen ZhouSchool of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.
Bowen WuSchool of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.
Xuemei WangSchool of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary patterns and obesity phenotypes among adults in Inner Mongolia using the Chinese Dietary Balance Index (DBI-22). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adults in Ordos, Inner Mongolia. Sociodemographic information, lifestyle, and physical activity were collected using a comprehensive questionnaire. Dietary data were collected with a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess participants' dietary intake over the past year. Body mass index (BMI) and metabolic status were measured through physical examinations and biochemical tests. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify dietary patterns. A generalized linear model was applied to assess the association between the DBI-22 and dietary patterns. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to investigate the association between dietary patterns and obesity phenotypes. Results: Three dietary patterns were identified in Mongolia: the plant-based dietary pattern, the northern pastoral dietary pattern, and the northern traditional dietary pattern. Using metabolically healthy non-obesity (MHNO) as the reference group, higher adherence to the northern pastoral dietary pattern increased the risk of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO, OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.0, 2.08) but decreased the risk of metabolically unhealthy non-obesity (MUNO, OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.54, 0.91). Higher adherence to the plant-based dietary pattern was associated with a reduced risk of MHO (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.47, 0.91). Higher adherence to the northern traditional dietary pattern was linked to an elevated risk of metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO, OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.2, 2.06). Generalized linear models showed that the plant-based dietary pattern and the northern pastoral dietary pattern demonstrated relatively balanced nutritional characteristics, while the northern traditional dietary pattern was characterized by relative imbalance. Conclusion: Adherence to the northern pastoral dietary pattern increased the risk of MHO and reduced the risk of MUNO, while adherence to the plant-based dietary pattern reduced the risk of MHO. Both patterns demonstrated balanced diet quality. In contrast, adherence to the nutritionally imbalanced northern traditional dietary pattern increased the risk of MUO, highlighting the need for nutritional intervention.

Indexed as

Chinese Dietary Balance Index-22dietary patternsmetabolic abnormalitiesobesityobesity phenotypes

Identifiers

PMID40964683
PMCPMC12436458

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.