Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40965816›Full record

SynthesisJournal of endocrinological investigation2026

Association between SGLT2 inhibitors and genital cancer: a meta-analysis and mendelian randomization study.

Bo Xu, Yilin Liu, Zunbo He, Jiecan Zhou

Abstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Bo Xu *The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0594-9103
Yilin Liu *The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
Zunbo HeThe First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China. 15073406232@163.com.
Jiecan ZhouThe First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China. zhoujiecan@fsyy.usc.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3037-3997

Funding

Hunan Province Clinical Medical Technology Innovation Guidance Project 2020SK51823, 2021SK51828, 2021SK51823Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of major chronic diseases 2023SK4040Hunan Provincial Health High-Level Talent Scientific Research Project R2023074Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province 2022JJ50163, 2023JJ20034, 2024JJ9371NSFC 82003872The science and technology innovation Program of Hunan Province 2023RC3173
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEffects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on genital cancer risk remains unclear.

objectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors/SGLT2 inhibition on genital cancer risk.

methodsWe systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, EU Clinical Trials Register, and ClinicalTrials.gov for large randomized controlled trials up to June 4, 2025. The Mantel-Haenszel method was applied, with risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) used for dichotomous outcomes. In the Mendelian randomization study, genetic variants in SLC5A2 served as instrumental variables to investigate the causal relationship between SGLT2 inhibition and genital cancers.

resultsA total of 15 studies (16 trials) involving 101,430 patients were included. SGLT2 inhibitors did not significantly reduce genital cancer risk compared to placebo (RR 1.10; 95% CI 0.93-1.31; P = 0.28; moderate certainty of evidence), with consistent findings across subgroup analyses. No significant effects of SGLT2 inhibitors were observed for cervical, endometrial, ovarian, prostate, uterine, penile, or vulvar cancers. Dapagliflozin potentially increased the risk of male genital cancers (RR 1.31; 95% CI 0.99-1.74; P = 0.06). SGLT2 inhibition significantly reduced testicular [odds ratio (OR) 0.012; 95% CI 0.001-0.220; P = 0.003] and cervical (OR 0.013; 95% CI 0.001-0.122; P = 1.615 × 10 - 4) cancer risks. Pooled results from both discovery and replication cohorts demonstrated that SGLT2 inhibition reduced cervical cancer risk (OR 0.016; 95% CI 0.002-0.116; P < 0.0001).

conclusionSGLT2 inhibitors exhibited a neutral overall risk profile for genital cancers, while genetic evidence demonstrated beneficial effects specifically for cervical cancer.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Genital Neoplasms, FemaleSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsFemaleHumansMaleMendelian Randomization AnalysisRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsCervical cancerGenital cancerSGLT2 inhibitionSGLT2 inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID40965816

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.