Evidence mapPaperPMID 40968393Full record

ReviewPhytotherapy research : PTR2026

Ashwagandha: Is It Safe? Part 2: A Preclinical Evidence Review.

Elizabeth M Williamson, Thomas Brendler

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Is Ashwagandha an Abortifacient?Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Frontiers in nutrition · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Elizabeth M WilliamsonSchool of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2034-7063
Thomas BrendlerDepartment of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1105-5838

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The preclinical evidence for the safety of ashwagandha ( Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, AS) is reviewed, and its preparations (extracts) and constituents, from the general toxicity in animal models to in vitro and cell culture studies, which may elucidate mechanisms of action and explain clinical case reports. Most studies and reviews conclude that AS is a remarkably safe herb, but cases of liver toxicity, mainly reversible cholestasis or severe jaundice and pruritus, have been reported without being predicted by preclinical evidence. Further work is needed to clarify the constituents responsible and patient-related issues surrounding them. Several constituents, such as withaferin-A, have demonstrable antitumorigenic effects in animal models of liver cancer and injury induced by ischemia, cytotoxic drugs, and radiotherapy. AS has not shown genotoxicity or mutagenicity in standard tests; on the contrary, it was protective against chromosome abnormalities or micronuclei formation induced by known clastogenic agents. A folkloric reputation for inducing abortion or sterility is not borne out of preclinical experiments, and rare reports of cardiotoxicity could not be substantiated.

Indexed as

Plant ExtractsWithaniaAnimalsHumansWithanolidesAshwagandhaPlant Extractswithaferin AWithanolidesadaptogenashwagandhapreclinical investigationssafetyWithania

Identifiers

PMID40968393
PMCPMC13436223

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.