Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40968706›Full record

SynthesisJournal of sleep research2026

Migraine and Restless Legs Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis.

Florindo d'Onofrio, Maria Cropano, Giada Panzino, Mariachiara Gaita, Giulio Cicarelli, Piero Barbanti, Gerardo Casucci, Simona Raimo, Antonio Costanzo

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of sleep research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Restless Legs Syndrome in Patients With PMP22-Related Neuropathies.Journal of the peripheral nervous system : JPNS · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Florindo d'OnofrioStroke Unit, San Giuseppe Moscati, Hospital Avellino, Avellino, Italy.
Maria CropanoUOSD Second Neurology, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy.
Giada PanzinoDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
Mariachiara GaitaDepartment of Psychology, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Caserta, Italy.
Giulio CicarelliNeurology Unit, San Giuseppe Moscati, Hospital Avellino, Avellino, Italy.
Piero BarbantiIRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy.
Gerardo CasucciSan Francesco Hospital-Telese Terme, Telese Terme, Italy.
Simona RaimoDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0687-9656
Antonio CostanzoDepartment of Humanities, University of Federico II, Naples, Italy.

Funding

Open-access funding provided by Università degli Studi Magna Graecia di Catanzaro within the CRUI-CARE Agreement
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Restless legs syndrome is a sensorimotor disorder of sleep/wake regulation that frequently coexists with migraine, affecting patients' quality of life. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of restless legs syndrome in individuals with migraine and to explore the associated clinical, demographic and behavioural aspects. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing literature was conducted. Articles were included if they provided data on individuals with migraine, with or without restless legs syndrome and these proportions were used to estimate the prevalence of restless legs syndrome in migraine. A total of 30 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of restless legs syndrome among individuals with migraine was 20% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 17%-23%). The pooled prevalence of restless legs syndrome was affected by migraine duration (higher prevalence with longer duration), disability (higher prevalence with greater migraine-related disability) and age (higher prevalence in older individuals). A significant association was found between restless legs syndrome, migraine with aura and chronic migraine. No significant sex-related differences were observed. Among behavioural factors, depression, pain and poor sleep quality were significantly associated with restless legs syndrome. These findings suggest that restless legs syndrome is a common comorbidity in migraine with aura and chronic migraine, with a higher prevalence than that reported in the general population. Moreover, specific demographic, clinical and behavioural characteristics may help identify individuals at higher risk. Further studies are needed to clarify the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and to identify potential therapeutic targets.

Indexed as

Migraine DisordersRestless Legs SyndromeComorbidityHumansPrevalencemeta‐analysismigraineprevalencerestless legs syndromesleep

Identifiers

PMID40968706
PMCPMC13193476

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.