Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40968744›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of surgery (London, England)2026

Association between circulating selenium levels and arterial stiffness: a nationwide cross-sectional study.

Kunsheng Zhao, Lei Qiao, Wenqi Hu, Wenhai Sui, Xiuchang Li, Guang Zhang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of surgery (London, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Kunsheng ZhaoDepartment of Health Management, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Health Management, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
Lei QiaoNational Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
Wenqi HuDepartment of Health Management, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Health Management, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
Wenhai SuiNational Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
Xiuchang LiDepartment of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, People's Republic of China.
Guang ZhangDepartment of Health Management, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Health Management, Jinan, People's Republic of China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAtherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Arterial stiffness is an important pathological characteristic of ASCVD. Selenium (Se) may have a notable effect of arterial stiffness. However, the relationship between circulating Se (CSe) levels and arterial stiffness remains unclear.

methodsA total of 11 937 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2018 were enrolled. The relationship between CSe levels, estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV), and the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was evaluated using univariate and multivariate linear regression, dose-response, and mediation analyses.

resultsA linear relationship between the CSe index and high AIP ( P for nonlinearity = 0.1) and a U-shaped relationship between the CSe index and high ePWV were found ( P for nonlinearity < 0.001). In fully adjusted models, the relationship between CSe and high AIP was positive (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.20, 1.82; P = 0.001). An inflection point was found in the relationship between the CSe index and high ePWV. CSe levels of < 2.99 μmol/L were negatively related to high ePWV (OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.86; P < 0.001). In contrast, CSe levels of ≥ 2.99 μmol/L were positively related to high ePWV (OR = 2.66; 95% CI: 1.66, 4.25; P < 0.001). Furthermore, the indirect effect mediated by the sex of CSe on high AIP was prominent (indirect effect = 0.006; 95% CI: 0.003, 0.008; percent mediation = 26.49%) in the fully adjusted models.

conclusionsOur findings suggests a significant relationship between CSe levels and arterial stiffness, the mechanism behind which should be further explored.

Indexed as

AtherosclerosisSeleniumVascular StiffnessAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNutrition SurveysPulse Wave AnalysisSeleniumAIParterial stiffnessePWVselenium

Identifiers

PMID40968744
PMCPMC12825529

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.