Evidence mapPaperPMID 40969606Full record

ReviewFrontiers in nutrition2025

Metabolic syndrome: epidemiology, mechanisms, and current therapeutic approaches.

Benson M Hamooya, Lukundo Siame, Lweendo Muchaili, Sepiso K Masenga, Annet Kirabo

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  12. Antidepressant Augmentation of Antipsychotic Treatment in Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Benson M HamooyaDepartment of Public Health, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone, Zambia.
Lukundo SiameDepartment of Public Health, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone, Zambia.
Lweendo MuchailiDepartment of Public Health, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone, Zambia.
Sepiso K MasengaDepartment of Public Health, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone, Zambia.
Annet KiraboVanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex condition marked by central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation. These risk factors significantly raise the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) through various mechanisms, leading to a public health challenge. MetS contributes to CVD through cardiometabolic derangements such as endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Dyslipidemia, especially elevated triglycerides and reduced high-density lipo-protein (HDL) cholesterol is central to atherosclerosis. Additionally, hypertension and insulin resistance damage blood vessels, a process exacerbated by chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Thus, managing MetS and its components through lifestyle changes like weight control, dietary improvements, exercise, and smoking cessation is essential for reducing CVD risk. Medications targeting specific risk factors, such as blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure, may also be required. Raising awareness and early screening are crucial to countering MetS's impact on public health. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms by which MetS contributes to CVD and the intricate interplay of factors and molecular pathways linking MetS to CVD.

Indexed as

cardiovascular diseasedyslipidemiahypertensioninflammationinsulin resistancemetabolic syndromeobesityoxidative stress

Identifiers

PMID40969606
PMCPMC12441046

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.