Evidence mapPaperPMID 40969875Full record

ArticleACS pharmacology & translational science2025

Ultrastable Insulin-Glucagon Fusion Protein Exploits an Endogenous Hepatic Switch to Mitigate Hypoglycemic Risk.

Nicolas Varas, Mark A Jarosinski, Yen-Shan Chen, Chun-Lun Ni, Rachel A Grabowski, Ningwen Tai, Raimund I Herzog, Faramarz Ismail-Beigi, Yanwu Yang, Alan D Cherrington and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ACS pharmacology & translational science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Nicolas VarasDepartment of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, Indiana 46204, United States.
Mark A JarosinskiDepartment of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, Indiana 46204, United States.
Yen-Shan ChenDepartment of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, Indiana 46204, United States.
Chun-Lun NiDepartment of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, Indiana 46204, United States.
Rachel A GrabowskiDepartment of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.
Ningwen TaiSection of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.
Raimund I HerzogSection of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1632-1435
Faramarz Ismail-BeigiDepartment of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.
Yanwu YangDepartment of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, Indiana 46204, United States.
Alan D CherringtonDepartment of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States.
Michael A WeissDepartment of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, Indiana 46204, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1325-1610

Funding

Yale Diabetes Research CenterP30DK045735 · YALE UNIVERSITY · 1993 to 2025
$10.2M
GLUCOREGULATORY HORMONE INTERACTIONS IN DIABETESR01DK020495 · YALE UNIVERSITY · 1986 to 1994
NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK045735NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK020495NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK101984
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The risk of hypoglycemia and its serious medical sequelae restrict insulin replacement therapy for diabetes mellitus. Such adverse clinical impact has motivated development of diverse glucose-responsive technologies, including algorithm-controlled insulin pumps linked to continuous glucose monitors ("closed-loop systems") and glucose-sensing ("smart") insulins. These technologies seek to optimize glycemic control while minimizing hypoglycemic risk. Here, we describe an alternative approach that exploits an endogenous glucose-dependent switch in hepatic physiology: preferential insulin signaling (under hyperglycemic conditions)

Indexed as

hormonehormone receptorpeptide synthesisprotein engineeringprotein fibrillation

Identifiers

PMID40969875
PMCPMC12441860

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.