Evidence mapPaperPMID 40970252Full record

ReviewImmunoTargets and therapy2025

Prostate Cancer Immunotherapy: Time to Move Beyond Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Melissa Abel, Aanika Balaji Warner, Fatima Karzai, Ravi A Madan

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in ImmunoTargets and therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Drug Discovery Strategies for Kallikrein-Related Peptidases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Melissa AbelGenitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Aanika Balaji WarnerGenitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6697-3364
Fatima KarzaiGenitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Ravi A MadanGenitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have led the advancement of cancer immunotherapy, with remarkable efficacy in many cancers. Prior to the advent of ICIs, prostate cancer had one of the first approvals for cancer immunotherapy with sipleucel-T, an anti-cancer vaccine. Despite this early success, ICIs have since failed to improve outcomes for most patients with prostate cancer, generating a narrative that prostate cancer is resistant immunotherapeutic approaches. Novel therapies like CAR T-cells, bispecific antibody therapies, anti-cancer vaccines and cytokine therapies are now generating early evidence for how the prostate cancer tumor immune microenvironment can be manipulated beyond checkpoint inhibition. Most notably, clinical trials with bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) targeting tumor antigens like STEAP-1 and KLK2 have shown clinical promise. Moving beyond ICIs may lead to new approaches to alter the prostate cancer tumor immune microenvironment and improve clinical outcomes.

Indexed as

immune checkpoint inhibitorsimmunotherapyprostate cancer

Identifiers

PMID40970252
PMCPMC12442920

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.