Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40971358›Full record

ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2025

Cost-effectiveness and public health impact of influenza vaccination strategies for Chinese patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Kangjun Xu, Zhexin Xu, Yingqi Chen, Chenlu Fan, Chuanxi Fu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Kangjun XuInstitute of Infectious Disease and Vaccine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
Zhexin XuInstitute of Infectious Disease and Vaccine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
Yingqi ChenInstitute of Infectious Disease and Vaccine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
Chenlu FanInstitute of Infectious Disease and Vaccine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
Chuanxi FuInstitute of Infectious Disease and Vaccine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.ORCID 0000-0003-3458-8386

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at higher risk of influenza than the general population, and influenza vaccination can effectively prevent infection in this group. We assessed the cost‑effectiveness of influenza vaccination for individuals with RA in China. We used a Markov model to project outcomes for several vaccination scenarios in hypothetical Chinese RA cohorts over five years. We quantified cases and deaths averted, quality‑adjusted life‑years (QALYs) gained, and incremental cost‑effectiveness ratios (ICERs) to identify the optimal vaccination strategy. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess model uncertainty. Compared with no vaccination, annual coverage levels of 2%, 30%, 60%, and 80% increased costs by US$230, US$165, US$96, and US$50 and yielded 0.006, 0.098, 0.198, and 0.064 additional QALYs, respectively. At 30% coverage, vaccination averted 203,199 influenza cases and yielded 0.49 million additional QALYs relative to no vaccination. Our findings remained robust across all sensitivity analyses. Influenza vaccination among RA patients in China was cost‑effective, with ICERs of US$38,312, US$1,687, US$486, and US$190 at coverage rates of 2%, 30%, 60%, and 80%, respectively. Increasing influenza vaccine coverage among individuals with RA is strongly recommended.

Indexed as

Arthritis, RheumatoidInfluenza, HumanInfluenza VaccinesAdultAgedChinaCost-Benefit AnalysisEast Asian PeopleFemaleHumansMaleMarkov ChainsMiddle AgedPublic HealthQuality-Adjusted Life YearsVaccinationInfluenza VaccinesChinacost-effectivenessInfluenza vaccinationpublic health impactrheumatoid arthritis

Identifiers

PMID40971358
PMCPMC12452443

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.