ArticleAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences2025
Exploring Factors Affecting Verbal Fluency in Healthy Aging.
Article in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ageing, Cognitive Deterioration, and Verbal Disfluency: A Case Study in Thailand.Journal of psycholinguistic research · 2026Article
- Nonlinear association between age and verbal fluency and moderation by adiposity: cross-sectional evidence from the Look Up 8+ study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Word-finding difficulties are a hallmark of aging. Verbal fluency tasks are broadly used to measure word-finding difficulties in adults due to their sensitivity and ease of use. However, several questions remain regarding verbal fluency in aging, particularly the strategies that may evolve over time and the role of potentially protective factors, such as cognitive engagement and social interactions, in mitigating age-related cognitive decline. In this study, we investigated verbal fluency in 144 healthy, community-dwelling adults aged 20-87 years. Participants completed both semantic and phonemic fluency tasks and several questionnaires and assessments. We analyzed accuracy and error types, as well as the occurrence of self-talk and filled hesitations and their impact on lexical access. Further, eight factors previously associated with cognitive reserve were examined: education, practice of group singing, social participation, cognitive level, self-reported health, multilingualism, positive outlook, and hearing. While filled hesitations were stable across age, self-talk increased nonlinearly with age. Singing experience, higher educational attainment, and better global cognition were associated with better fluency. However, these factors showed minimal evidence of protection against age-related decline in word retrieval.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.