ArticleJournal of assisted reproduction and genetics2025
Optimization of mouse oocyte vitrification through microencapsulation in sodium alginate hydrogel.
Article in Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hydrogel-enabled modulation of cryoinjury in oocyte vitrification: A pharmaceutical formulation perspective.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2026Article
- Development of a three-dimensional vitrification protocol for domestic cat cumulus-oocyte complexes and comparison with standard vitrification.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Pubertal development at age 12 in children born after fertility treatment: the Taiwan Birth Cohort Study.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeVitrification (ice-free) is considered more effective than slow freezing for oocyte cryopreservation. However, high concentrations of toxic cryoprotective agents (CPAs) are typically required, followed by multi-step washing to remove CPAs, risking osmotic shock and impairing oocytes development. This study aimed to establish a hydrogel encapsulation strategy using a microfluidic system to improve vitrification outcomes.
methodsThree different sizes of oocyte-loaded sodium alginate hydrogel microspheres (OHMs) (~ 262 µm, ~ 193 µm, and ~ 156 µm) were prepared using an optimized three-channel microfluidic system. The effects of particle size, vitrification solutions (VS1, VS2, VS3, and VS4), CPA loading durations (4, 8, and 12 min), and warming/dilution procedures (one-step, two-step, and three-step) on oocyte vitrification were systematically evaluated.
resultsOHMs with a particle size of 262 µm, loaded with VS3 (containing 10% DMSO) for 8 min and subjected to the two-step warming and dilution procedure, achieved excellent post-thaw survival (91.98%), cleavage (75.84%), and blastocyst rates (23.86%). The survival rate was comparable to that of the Cryotop group vitrified with 15% DMSO (91.81%), while the cleavage and blastocyst rates were significantly higher than those of the Cryotop group (67.42% and 20.03%, respectively). Besides, OHMs resulted in minimal oocyte volume changes upon CPA loading (minimum normalized volume of 0.8739) compared to the Cryotop multi-step method (0.4396).
conclusionsCompared with the Cryotop carrier method, the microfluidic hydrogel microcapsule technique reduces CPA concentration, shortens loading time, and minimizes osmotic injury. This approach provides a promising strategy for fertility preservation and may be extended to other biological samples.
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