ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2026
Multiracial Cytokine Profiling Reveals Immune Dysregulation not Chronic Inflammation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Back to the Drawing Board: Rethinking Inflammation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Revisiting ESR in PCOS: an easily obtainable link to immune and metabolic dysregulation.Journal of ovarian research · 2026Article
- Polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS)/polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): current and future trends.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Toll-like Receptor 4 Contributes to PCOS-like Metabolic and Reproductive Pathogenesis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Adolescent hyperandrogenism: diagnostic challenges and therapeutic approaches.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder often associated with chronic inflammation, but comprehensive characterization of immune markers across diverse patient populations is lacking.
objectiveTo determine whether PCOS exhibits a profile of chronic inflammation or immune dysregulation when analyzed across a diverse patient population.
designRetrospective cross-sectional study of samples collected between 1987 and 2010 as part of the Androgen Excess Biorepository.
settingReproductive endocrinology clinics at the University of Alabama at Birmingham in Birmingham, Alabama, and Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California, where women and adolescents presented for evaluation of androgen excess. PATIENTS: Forty premenopausal women (20 with PCOS, 20 controls) aged 18 to 45 years, categorized by race (Black and White) and PCOS diagnosis. Participants were race, age, and body mass index matched.
main outcome measuresFasted follicular phase plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein and 96 circulating immune markers, including interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-18, measured using a Milliplex Luminex xMAP assay.
resultsPCOS patients showed significantly lower levels of circulating immune markers (P < .05). Growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor A, platelet-derived growth factor), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-8, TNF-α, interferon-γ), and several chemokines were reduced in PCOS patients, independent of race. Only IL-18 and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 16 showed statistically significant differences between Black and White women.
conclusionThis study challenges the prevailing notion of PCOS as a disorder of chronic low-grade inflammation, suggesting instead that immune suppression and impaired angiogenic signaling may be factors in PCOS pathophysiology, especially in nonobese patients. Further research with larger sample sizes and inclusion of metabolic metrics is needed to confirm these findings before they can be applied in clinical practice.
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