Evidence mapPaperPMID 40977308Full record

Trial reportAnnals of clinical and translational neurology2026

Change in Cognition Following Ischaemic Stroke.

Wenci Yan, Terence Quinn, Alex McConnachie, Niall Broomfield, Yun Wong, David Dickie, Kirsten Forbes, Matthew Walters, Jesse Dawson

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Annals of clinical and translational neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Wenci YanDepartment of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.ORCID 0000-0003-2573-0272
Terence QuinnSchool of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK.
Alex McConnachieRobertson Centre for Biostatistics, School of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Niall BroomfieldDepartment of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Therapies, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
Yun WongSchool of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
David DickieSchool of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Kirsten ForbesDepartment of Neuroradiology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK.
Matthew WaltersSchool of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Jesse DawsonSchool of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.

Funding

the Stroke AssociationUK Stroke Association and British Heart Foundation TSA BHF 2013/01
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveCognitive decline can occur following ischaemic stroke. How cognition changes over time and associations with cognitive change are poorly understood. This study aimed to explore these issues over 2 years following ischaemic stroke.

methodsThis analysis used data from the XILO-FIST study, a clinical trial of allopurinol versus placebo in people with ischaemic stroke according to Tissue-Based Definition. Participants underwent clinical assessment, brain MRI at baseline, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) at baseline, year 1 and year 2. We defined cognitive impairment as a MoCA score < 26 and cognitive change as a difference in MoCA score of 2 points or more at year 1 or year 2 after randomisation. Associations with cognitive impairment and cognitive change were assessed by univariable analysis and multiple logistic regression.

resultsThree hundred and sixty participants with complete MoCA data were included. Mean age was 65.4 (SD 8.36) years, and mean baseline MoCA score was 26.4 (SD 2.7). Seventy-seven participants had second-year cognitive improvement. Eighty-four had second-year cognitive decline. After adjustment for age and education year, second-year cognitive improvement was associated with smaller brain volume, lower albumin level, smoking and greater white-matter hyperintensity, and second-year cognitive decline was associated with peripheral arterial disease, higher cholesterol level, small-vessel stroke and greater white-matter hyperintensity.

interpretationCognition is dynamic following stroke, with different patterns of change. Brain reserve and vascular risk factors relate to later post-stroke cognitive change. This complex nature of cognitive trajectory has implications for cognitive rehabilitation provision and cognitive impairment detection after stroke.

Indexed as

Cognitive DysfunctionIschemic StrokeAgedCognitionFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMental Status and Dementia TestsMiddle Agedcognitive impairmentcognitive trajectorypost‐stroke cognitionrisk factorstroke

Identifiers

PMID40977308
PMCPMC12790154

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.