Evidence mapPaperPMID 40977642Full record

ArticleWorld journal of gastrointestinal oncology2025

Changing patterns of cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer: A regional perspective from Northeastern Italy.

Duygu Kirkik, Ayse Naz Ozabaci, Sevgi Kalkanli Tas

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In one paragraph

Article in World journal of gastrointestinal oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Duygu KirkikDepartment of Immunology, Hamidiye Medicine Faculty, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Türkiye. dygkirkik@gmail.com.
Ayse Naz OzabaciDepartment of Immunology, University of Health and Science, Istanbul 34674, Türkiye.
Sevgi Kalkanli TasDepartment of Immunology, Hamidiye Medicine Faculty, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Türkiye.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common primary liver cancer worldwide, with a high mortality rate. Due to the lack of information regarding disease markers, characterization tools, and early detection methods, mortality continues to increase. The disease can be classified into two main groups: Intrahepatic CCA and extrahepatic CCA, the second of which is further subdivided into perihilar CCA and distal CCA. Certain regions are found to be at higher risk due to the presence of different contributing factors. These include hepatobiliary diseases, extrahepatic conditions, and environmental exposures. CCA shows a sex-related disparity, affecting men more than women, and its incidence rises progressively with age. These risk factors likely contribute to the rising incidence observed in certain regions, as each region is predominantly affected by distinct factors, resulting in wide geographical variations in CCA incidence. Epidemiological reports published before 2000 indicate a global increase in the incidence of intrahepatic CCA, whereas the incidence of extrahepatic CCA is reportedly decreasing. The present study offers an important epidemiological perspective by analyzing the incidence trends of gallbladder malignancies over a 17-year period in Northeastern Italy, analyzed according to sex and age groups.

Indexed as

CholangiocarcinomaEpidemiologyExtrahepatic cholangiocarcinomaGallbladder cancerIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Identifiers

PMID40977642
PMCPMC12444321

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.