Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40978564›Full record

ArticleLancet regional health. Americas2025

Active West Nile virus transmission in Brazil: an epidemiological study.

Shirlene T S de Lima, Ingra M Claro, Xinyi Hua, Ronaldo de Jesus, Kyla Serres, Leda M Simões Mello, Julia Forato, Filipe R R Moreira, Rodrigo B Kato, Gustavo N Guimarães and 22 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Lancet regional health. Americas, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

32 authors.

Shirlene T S de LimaDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.
Ingra M ClaroDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.
Xinyi HuaDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.
Ronaldo de JesusInstituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Kyla SerresSpatial Epidemiology Lab, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
Leda M Simões MelloLaboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
Julia ForatoDepartment of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
Filipe R R MoreiraDepartamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Rodrigo B KatoInstituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Gustavo N GuimarãesLaboratório Central de Tecnologias de Alto Desempenho em Ciências da Vida, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
Gabriel C ScachettiDepartment of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
Pamela Dos Santos AndradeInstituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Larissa M F DuarteLaboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
Maria Eduarda T de LimaCollege of Medicine, Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brazil.
Clarissa P M FerrazLaboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
Marisa P N ViannaLaboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
Rodrigo M SantiagoLaboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
Enock L R BragaLaboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
Igor S CarneiroLaboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
Antonio Carlos L FirminoLaboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
Milena G CabralInstituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Caio SouzaInstituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Liana Perdigão MelloLaboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
Sabrina LiSchool of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Ester C SabinoInstituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Maria Anice M SallumDepartamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
Scott C WeaverDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA.
Nuno R FariaDepartamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Camila M RomanoInstituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Simon DellicourSpatial Epidemiology Lab, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
José Luiz Proenca-ModenaDepartment of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
William M de SouzaDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that can cause neurological and fatal disease in animals and humans. Since its introduction into the USA in 1999, WNV has become the leading arbovirus in North America. In contrast, no major WNV outbreak has been reported in South America. Our study investigated active WNV circulation in Brazil. Methods: We examined WNV epidemiological, molecular, genomic, and serological data from Brazil from January 2014 to December 2024. We also conducted WNV testing in 561 patients with febrile illness, neuroinvasive disease, or death between January 2019 and January 2024 in Ceará State, Brazil. Next, we conducted time series, mapping, ecological niche modeling, age-sex distribution, phylogenetic analyses, and statistical hypothesis tests. Findings: Between January 2014 and December 2024, 110 West Nile cases were reported from 13 of 27 Brazilian states. In addition, our retrospective study in Ceará State revealed 12.1% (68 of 561 patients) were WNV cases, peaking in 2023, when 42.6% (29 of 68) of cases occurred. Among WNV cases, 7 (10.3%) had detected WNV RNA in serum, cerebrospinal fluid, or both, whereas 62 (89.7%) were IgM-positive, with 29 presenting with neurological complications, 35 with febrile illness, and four fatalities. WNV cases were reported in all months, with the highest numbers between May and August. Most cases were female (female-to-male ratio, 1.1:1), and the median age of patients was 40 years (interquartile range, 20-57). Our phylogenetic analysis showed that WNV lineage 1a circulated in Ceará State and caused a fatal horse case. Our ecological niche models identified several areas, mainly situated in the Northeast region, linked to a potentially higher risk of human exposure to local WNV circulation. Interpretation: These findings comprehensively described consistent WNV circulation in Brazil and may contribute to informing public health policy, focusing on the strategies to determine the WNV burden in South America. Funding: Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Wellcome Trust, National Institutes of Health, São Paulo Research Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Science, and Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development.

Indexed as

ArbovirusEmerging viral diseasesFlavivirusMosquito-borne flavivirusVector-borne virusesWest Nile virus

Identifiers

PMID40978564
PMCPMC12448031

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.