ReviewFrontiers in behavioral neuroscience2025
Assessing executive functions and metacognition: translational potential of the Metacognitive Wisconsin Card Sorting Test for developmental neuropsychology.
Review in Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Modeling metacognition and executive functions in the metacognitive wisconsin card sorting test using the neuropsychological digital-twin method.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- ADHD diagnostic tools across ages: traditional and digital approaches.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The development of metacognition and executive functions supports adaptive and goal-oriented behavior in adulthood. Therefore, effective screening of these skills is essential for implementing early interventions in educational and clinical settings. While neuropsychological tests usually focus on a single skill and require clinicians to use lengthy batteries, the Metacognitive Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (Meta-WCST) assesses metacognition, executive functions, and their interaction. However, this test has not yet been scientifically validated for children with either typical or atypical development. This gap highlights both a methodological shortcoming and a missed opportunity for developmental neuropsychology. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of studies involving the Meta-WCST, aiming to evaluate its translational potential for developmental applications. Despite several methodological limitations in the current literature, our evaluation indicates that the Meta-WCST can be adapted to developmental contexts through targeted improvements to theoretical and computational frameworks, data analysis methods, and protocol procedures. These considerations have meaningful implications for multiple areas of developmental neuropsychology, including scientific research, educational practices, and clinical assessments.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.