ReviewWorld journal of emergency medicine2025
An approach for the emergency diagnosis and treatment of sepsis-associated encephalopathy in elderly individuals: a literature review.
Review in World journal of emergency medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Risk prediction models for sepsis-associated encephalopathy: a systematic evaluation and meta-analysis.PeerJ · 2026Pooled it
- Diagnostic value of mismatch-negativity and P3a event-related potentials for sepsis-associated encephalopathy in non-sedated patients: a pilot study.World journal of emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Early Clinical, Laboratory, and Imaging Correlates of Neurological Dysfunction in Adults Presenting to the Emergency Department with Sepsis: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.Juntendo medical journal · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a diffuse dysfunction of the nervous system resulting from sepsis originating outside the central nervous system. Elderly individuals (≥65 years of age) constitute a particularly vulnerable population comprised by a high burden of underlying diseases and complications, which frequently leads to underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis. These patients are at increased risk of long-term or permanent central nervous system impairment, making rapid and accurate diagnosis and treatment especially critical. The review is expected to promote improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of SAE in elderly patients, ultimately achieving more standardized and efficient SAE management.
methodsWe performed a literature search in four databases-PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang-from inception to April 2025 using bilinguals (Chinese and English).
resultsThe diagnostic criteria for SAE in elderly individuals include the following: (1) sepsis; (2) new-onset neurological dysfunction; and (3) exclusion of other causes of neurological dysfunction. Physicians should develop tailored empiric anti-infective plans for elderly SAE patients, considering comorbidities, organ function, infection site, local bacterial spectrum, and resistance. The treatment protocol can be adjusted once the pathogen is identified. Stabilizing hemodynamics and ensuring cerebral perfusion are two fluid resuscitation strategies used in elderly SAE patients. An individualized approach to fluid resuscitation using restrictive fluid volumes should be employed. Supportive treatment for elderly SAE patients focuses on improving tissue perfusion/oxygenation, controlling blood glucose levels, and correcting internal imbalances. Early rehabilitation, nutritional support, cognitive training, and family-based emotional support are important components of comprehensive care.
conclusionThe diagnosis and management of SAE in elderly patients support early recognition and timely intervention.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.