ArticleWorld journal of diabetes2025
Indirect bilirubin is inversely associated with diabetic retinopathy risk and is a potential predictive biomarker.
Article in World journal of diabetes, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Morphological changes of β-Zone Peripapillary Atrophy (β-PPA) in children with type 1 Diabetes: A longitudinal study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Observational
- Association between serum bilirubin and diabetic retinopathy: results from the NHANES 1999-2018 and Mendelian randomization study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Article
- Predicting sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy using the combination of serum cystatin C and indirect bilirubin.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of visual impairment and blindness. However, the current DR biomarkers are insufficient for accurately predicting its onset.
aimTo identify a novel marker for predicting the risk of developing DR in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study involving 6993 hospitalized T2DM patients between 2013 and 2020. Patients were divided into two groups: The DR group and the non-DR group. Data were analyzed using univariate, correlation, multivariate, subgroup, and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses.
resultsTotal bilirubin, indirect bilirubin (IBIL), and direct bilirubin were negatively correlated with the risk of developing DR (
conclusionThese findings suggest that IBIL could be a valuable biomarker for predicting DR risk, offering a noninvasive, cost-effective, and readily available clinical tool for the early identification of high-risk patients. Future multicenter and longitudinal studies are warranted to validate these findings and further explore the biological mechanisms underlying the protective role of IBIL in DR.
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