Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40980892›Full record

ArticlemBio2025

Human CD4 T cells are a functional target for lipid nanoparticle-based mRNA vaccines.

Samuel C Kim, Jiin Felgner, Mariella S Soto, Lauren Hitchcock, Emily K Silzel, Haven Beares, Michael J Hwang, Timothy B Yates, Siyuan Cheng, Erika M Joloya and 9 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in mBio, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Targeted delivery platforms forFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Samuel C KimDepartment of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.ORCID 0009-0002-4713-1561
Jiin FelgnerDepartment of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Mariella S SotoDepartment of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Lauren HitchcockDivision of Infectious Diseases, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Emily K SilzelDepartment of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Haven BearesDepartment of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Michael J HwangDepartment of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Timothy B YatesDepartment of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Siyuan ChengDepartment of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Erika M JoloyaDepartment of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Suhas SureshchandraDepartment of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Andrew M SornDepartment of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Zachary W WagonerDepartment of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Delia TifreaDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA.
Mustafa KabeerDivision of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California, USA.
Douglas TraskDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA.
Shivashankar OthyDepartment of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Philip FelgnerDepartment of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Lisa E WagarDepartment of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5980-3586

Funding

Translational Immunology CoreU19AI181968 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI FELGNER, PHILIP LOUIS · 2024 to 2024
$33.1M
Tissue-Specific Mechanisms of Regulatory T Cells in the CNS during Autoimmune EncephalomyelitisR01AI168063 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI Shivashankar Othy · 2022 to 2026
$2.5M
Defining molecular mechanisms of combination adjuvants: a systems immunology, transcriptomics and imaging approachU01AI160397 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI DAVIES, DAVID HUW · 2021 to 2024
$2.4M
Immunology Research Training GrantT32AI177324 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI Eric Pearlman · 2023 to 2026
$735k
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI168063NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI177324NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI160397NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI181968Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Billions of mRNA-based severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccine doses have been administered globally and shown to be both safe and effective. However, the mechanisms by which mRNA vaccines facilitate protection remain unclear. Peripheral blood analyses from vaccinated individuals show B and T cell responses are elicited, but it remains unknown which cells contribute to particle uptake and protein expression to elicit protective immunity. Using mRNA LNP fluorescent reporters, we show that CD4 T cells are an unexpected target for LNP-based protein expression

Indexed as

CD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesLipidsNanoparticlesSARS-CoV-2AnimalsAntibodies, ViralFemaleHumansLiposomesMiceMice, Inbred C57BLmRNA VaccinesRNA, MessengerVaccines, SyntheticAntibodies, ViralCOVID-19 VaccinesLipid NanoparticlesLipidsLiposomesmRNA VaccinesRNA, MessengerVaccines, Syntheticadaptive immunologylipid nanoparticlesmRNA vaccinestranslational immunology

Identifiers

PMID40980892
PMCPMC12607866

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.