Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40982566›Full record

ArticlePLOS global public health2025

Burden of hemoglobinopathies and hemolytic anemias in the World Health Organization African region, 2000-2021: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study.

GBD 2021 Hemoglobinopathies and Hemolytic Anemias Collaborators, Temitope T Ojo, Prince M Amegbor, Farha Islam, Joyce Gyamfi, Andi Mai, Carly M Malburg, Deborah B Adenikinju, Nicholas J Kassebaum, Shimelis Tadesse Abebe and 23 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PLOS global public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

33 authors.

GBD 2021 Hemoglobinopathies and Hemolytic Anemias Collaborators
Temitope T OjoDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America.
Prince M AmegborSchool of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7701-2585
Farha IslamNew York University, New York, New York, United States of America.
Joyce GyamfiSchool of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5037-0833
Andi MaiEpidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America.
Carly M MalburgSchool of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6766-1389
Deborah B AdenikinjuSchool of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America.
Nicholas J KassebaumDepartment of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
Shimelis Tadesse AbebeDepartment of Midwifery, Mattu University, Mattu, Ethiopia.
Richard Gyan AboagyeDepartment of Family and Community Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
Ganiyu Adeniyi AmusaDepartment of Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.
Seth Christopher Yaw AppiahDepartment of Sociology and Social Work, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Haftu Asmerom AsmeromSchool of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
Isaac Sunday ChukwuDepartment of Paediatric Surgery, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Nigeria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7181-1845
Tadesse Asmamaw DejenieDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Fitsum Wolde DemisseDepartment of Midwifery, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
Gashaw DessieBiochemistry Department, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Mengistie DiressDepartment of Human Physiology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Christopher Imokhuede EsezoborDepartment of Paediatrics, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
Habitu Birhan EshetuDepartment of Health Promotion and Health Behavior, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Adeniyi Francis FagbamigbeDepartment of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Sefineh FentaDepartment of Public Health, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3051-1296
Teferi Gebru GebremeskelDepartment of Reproductive and Family Health, Axum College of Health Science, Axum, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8276-5685
Segun Emmanuel IbitoyeDepartment of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Robel Hussen KabthymerSchool of Public Health, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia.
Woldeteklehaymanot Dagne KassahunDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.
Biruk Getahun KibretDepartment of Medical Physiology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Osaretin Christabel OkonjiSchool of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1511-2094
Prof Mayowa O OwolabiDepartment of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1146-3070
Prof Léon Muepu M TshiloloInstitut de Recherche Biomédicale (IRB), Centre de Formation et d'Appui Sanitaire "CEFA-Monkole", Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Berhanu WolduDepartment of Hematology and Immunohematology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Emmanuel K PeprahSchool of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0495-7016

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hemoglobinopathies and hemolytic anemias (HHA) are genetic blood disorders associated with diverse clinical complications, affecting an estimated 2.1 billion people worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) African Region accounts for approximately 425.8 million individuals, or 20% of the global HHA prevalence, yet comprehensive assessments of this burden have been lacking. We present the first systematic analysis of HHA burden in the WHO African Region from 2000-2021 using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study. We estimated regional, sex-, and age-specific rates (per 100,000 population) of mortality, incidence at birth, and years lived with disability (YLDs) in five-year intervals. Mortality estimates were generated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm), supplemented with spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Incidence at birth was estimated using DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, while YLDs were calculated by multiplying prevalence by disability weights reflecting severity and duration. Between 2000 and 2021, the WHO African Region experienced persistently higher age-standardized death rates from HHA compared to global levels, although regional mortality declined over the period. Sickle cell disorder (SCD) was the predominant contributor, with the highest mortality [3.68 deaths (95% UI 2.04-6.29) per 100,000] and disability burden [41.08 YLDs (95% UI 26.09-58.61)], while thalassemias contributed the least. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were concentrated in western sub-Saharan Africa, accounting for 71.3% of the regional burden. Age-specific estimates revealed that children under five years faced a disproportionate share of mortality and disability. Despite overall declines in mortality, the WHO African Region continues to bear a disproportionate global burden of HHA, particularly affecting young children. These findings underscore the urgent need for strengthened newborn screening, early treatment, and health system interventions to reduce preventable deaths and disability.

Identifiers

PMID40982566
PMCPMC12453249

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.