Evidence mapPaperPMID 40985116Full record

SynthesisDiabetes technology & therapeutics2026

Usability of Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review.

April Savoy, Cristina Barboi, Melissa R Thomas, Michael Weiner

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Diabetes technology & therapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

April SavoyEdwardson School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
Cristina BarboiRegenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Melissa R ThomasRegenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8000-7936
Michael WeinerCenter for Health Information and Communication, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Veterans Health Administration, Health Systems Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

Funding

Enhancing shared decision-making to prompt and guide individualized care for people with Alzheimer's Disease and DiabetesK01AG076971 · PURDUE UNIVERSITY · 2025 to 2025
$123k
NIA NIH HHS K01 AG076971
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This systematic review aims to examine the use and usability of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) among older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The following databases, PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL, were searched for studies published between 2019 and 2024, and results were documented using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. Eligibility criteria included English-language studies that researched the use and usability of CGM in adults 60 years or older with a minimum wear time of 2 weeks. We extracted usability (efficiency, effectiveness, and satisfaction) outcomes. Study quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program Checklist. Of the 118 identified titles, 58 articles underwent a full-text review, with seven being included in the final analysis. Studies evaluated clinical management of type 2 diabetes with CGM, assessing the following differences: CGM versus usual care, CGM across device types, and CGM across care models. Clinical effectiveness, based on glycated hemoglobin and time-in-range, and satisfaction were higher across CGM types compared with usual care. Based on descriptive measures, satisfaction was higher with real-time CGM than professional-mode CGM. Efficiency findings were not reported in the included studies. There were no findings on the effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction of ambulatory glucose profile (AGP) metrics. Although the clinical effectiveness of CGM among adults 60 years or older was demonstrated in the reviewed studies, our usability assessment is inconclusive. There is a gap in evidence related to the essential components that comprise the context of CGM use, which prohibits a complete usability assessment. Future studies are warranted to investigate CGM usability, emphasizing AGP metrics, to inform improvements and personalization for older adults.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2AgedContinuous Glucose MonitoringGlycated HemoglobinHumansMiddle AgedPatient SatisfactionBlood GlucoseGlycated Hemoglobinambulatory glucose profileclinical effectivenesscontinuous glucose monitoringdiabetesolder adultsusability

Identifiers

PMID40985116
PMCPMC13189258

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.