Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40986436›Full record

ArticleHealth expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy2025

Living With Persistent Respiratory Symptoms of Long COVID: Qualitative Study Among Brazilian Adults 12 Months After Acute Infection.

Giovana Alves Santos, Carlos Laranjeira, Lígia Carreira, Vanessa Denardi Antoniassi Baldissera, Maria Fernanda do Prado Tostes, Viviani Camboin Meireles, Rosella Santoro Ageno, Maria Aparecida Salci

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Long COVID: Lived Experiences, Diagnosis, Treatment and Care.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Giovana Alves SantosDepartment of Postgraduate Nursing, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil.
Carlos LaranjeiraSchool of Health Sciences, Campus 2, Polytechnic University of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0003-1080-9535
Lígia CarreiraDepartment of Postgraduate Nursing, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil.
Vanessa Denardi Antoniassi BaldisseraDepartment of Postgraduate Nursing, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil.
Maria Fernanda do Prado TostesDepartment of Postgraduate Nursing, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil.
Viviani Camboin MeirelesDepartment of Postgraduate Nursing, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil.
Rosella Santoro AgenoDepartment of Postgraduate Nursing, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil.
Maria Aparecida SalciDepartment of Postgraduate Nursing, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil.

Funding

This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brasil (CAPES)-Finance Code 001 and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)-Processo no. 402,882/2020-2. It was also supported by FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P. (UID/05704/2023) and by the Scientific Employment Stimulus-Institutional Call -[https://doi.org/10.54499/CEECINST/00051/2018/CP1566/CT0012, accessed on 25 July 2025].
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe majority of those infected with COVID-19 undergo a brief duration of clinical illness. In certain instances, symptoms endure for months or years after the initial viral exposure-a condition characterized as Long COVID (LC). The experience of this illness remains largely unexplored as it has only recently surfaced. This study aims to understand the repercussions of persistent respiratory post-COVID symptoms in Brazilian adults 12 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

methodsA constructivist grounded theory study was employed. Data were collected through individual interviews with adults with persistent respiratory symptoms of Long COVID in Brazil. Data collection took place between September 2023 and February 2024. Data analysis was performed on a constant comparative basis and concurrent with data collection to understand the findings.

resultsTwenty-four individuals (12 females, 12 males) with a median age of 43.29 ± 9.09 years participated. The data analysis generated a central category-living with the long-term effects of COVID-19: breathlessness pervades everything-around which three categories emerged: (1) imbalance between life before and after being infected by COVID-19; (2) living with acute post-COVID respiratory symptoms; and (3) struggling with persistent post-COVID respiratory symptoms.

conclusionOur analysis of the perceived needs of individuals with Long COVID underscores the urgent necessity for legislative reform to acknowledge LC as a disability that requires clear diagnostic criteria. Approaches to treatment and rehabilitation are required to evaluate the extent to which functioning and disability improve. Lastly, this study highlights the complex problems encountered by individuals with Long COVID, including employment uncertainties, everyday tasks and social relationships.

Indexed as

COVID-19AdultBrazilDyspneaFemaleGrounded TheoryHumansInterviews as TopicMaleMiddle AgedPost-Acute COVID-19 SyndromeQualitative ResearchSARS-CoV-2adultgrounded theorynursing carepost‐acute COVID‐19 syndrome

Identifiers

PMID40986436
PMCPMC12456354

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.