SynthesisHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2025
Effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination in reducing hospitalization and mortality among the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Improving pneumococcal vaccination uptake in a residency clinic: a case-inspired QI initiative aligned with updated CDC guidelines.BMJ open quality · 2026Article
- Global vaccine development.Nature medicine · 2026Review
- Vaccination Coverage of Greek Adults Aged ≥60 Years in a Primary Health Care Setting in Relation to Lifestyle Factors and Health Care Services Utilization.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Determinants of susceptibility and tolerance ofInfection and immunity · 2026Review
- Effects of Respiratory Vaccines in Older Adults with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Scoping Review.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Hospital-based vaccination of older adult inpatients: comparison of two delivery models for influenza, COVID-19 and pneumococcal vaccines.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This meta-analysis assesses pneumococcal vaccine effectiveness in reducing hospitalization and mortality among the elderly. The studies retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane through March 2025. Of 3,002 identified studies, 35 met inclusion criteria (30 cohort, 3 RCTs, 2 case-control), encompassing 1.65 million vaccinated and 2.62 million unvaccinated individuals. Pneumonia-related hospitalization significantly declined in subgroups receiving mixed pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) and conjugate vaccine (PCV-13), notably among individuals aged >75 and those with chronic conditions. All-cause hospitalization dropped (OR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.91-0.97), especially in PPV-23 recipients, Asian populations, and those with comorbidities. Pneumonia mortality decreased across age groups >60, and all-cause mortality declined among those aged 60-75. No significant impact was observed on emergency visit rates. Although findings favor vaccine effectiveness, high heterogeneity warrants further comparative trials to confirm outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.