Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40988634›Full record

ArticleClinical pharmacology and therapeutics2025

The Supply of Investigational Medicinal Product and Management of Study Materials for Decentralized Participants-Insights from the Trials@Home RADIAL Proof-of-Concept Trial.

Megan Heath, Amos J de Jong, Shaun Magorrian-Spence, Chao Jin, Danny R van Weelij, Lucas Pagnier, Yvonne van Rijswick, Volker Haufe, Bart Lagerwaard, Mira G P Zuidgeest and 1 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Megan HeathSanofi, Reading, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6272-3003
Amos J de JongJulius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-9213
Shaun Magorrian-SpenceSanofi, Reading, UK.
Chao JinSanofi, Beijing, China.
Danny R van WeelijJulius Clinical, Zeist, Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3842-3861
Lucas PagnierSanofi, Paris, France.
Yvonne van RijswickJulius Clinical, Zeist, Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2189-6883
Volker HaufeSanofi, Berlin, Germany.
Bart LagerwaardJulius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8558-2385
Mira G P ZuidgeestJulius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1463-8243
Trials@Home consortium

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Decentralized clinical trials (DCTs), which move trial activities to participants' homes or direct surroundings, offer potential advantages over conventional site-based trials through reduced participant burden and improved accessibility. The direct-to-participant (DtP) delivery of investigational medicinal products (IMPs) and other study materials and collection of biological samples requires careful planning and execution to ensure participant safety and data integrity. Here, we report operational experiences from the RADIAL proof-of-concept trial, a three-arm parallel-group study conducted across six European countries comparing conventional, hybrid, and fully decentralized approaches in type 2 diabetes patients. The study implemented two DtP IMP models: clinical trial site-to-participant and central pharmacy-to-participant delivery, with comprehensive logistics tracking and temperature monitoring. In RADIAL, 68 DtP IMP shipments were executed with a 94% successful delivery rate. Four shipments (6%) failed due to participant unavailability, temperature excursions, defective monitoring equipment, or courier loss. The central pharmacy model demonstrated inventory savings compared with conventional site-based distribution. Biological sample collection for HbA1c assessment was done through drop-off, which proved more challenging in the remote arm. Key challenges related to DCT logistics as experienced in RADIAL included unclear importer/exporter responsibilities, regulatory divergence across countries, participant material management, and sample drop-off reliability. DtP IMP delivery and biological sample collection are feasible in European DCTs but require enhanced planning, clear vendor responsibilities, and robust contingency procedures. Success depends on appropriate participant training, reliable courier services, temperature control systems, and accessible biological sample collection methods.

Indexed as

Clinical Trials as TopicDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Drugs, InvestigationalEuropeGlycated HemoglobinHumansProof of Concept StudyDrugs, InvestigationalGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, human

Identifiers

PMID40988634
PMCPMC12598121

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.