Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40988757›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in medicine2025

The association of artificial sweeteners intake and risk of cancer: an umbrella meta-analysis.

Ahmed Abu-Zaid, Emad Kutbi, Nawal Alshammari, Abdullah Nasser AlJurayyan, Heba M Adly, Saleh A K Saleh, Saeed Baradwan, Madiha Jamal, Feham Peer-Zada, Shaimaa Mohamed and 4 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Long-term artificial sweetener exposure increases the risk of atherosclerosis.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Ahmed Abu-ZaidCollege of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Emad KutbiDepartment of Biorepository, Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Nawal AlshammariDepartment of Biorepository, Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Abdullah Nasser AlJurayyanLivestock and Fisheries Development Program, Biotechnology Sector, National Fisheries Development Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Heba M AdlyDepartment of Community Medicine and Pilgrims Healthcare, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Saleh A K SalehDirectorate of Institutional Excellence, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Saeed BaradwanDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Madiha JamalCollege of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Feham Peer-ZadaCollege of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Shaimaa MohamedCollege of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Huda SyedCollege of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Rania Salah AhmedCollege of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed AbuzaidDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al Birk General Hospital, Al Birk, Saudi Arabia.
Osama AlomarDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Previous meta-analyses exploring the relationship between artificial sweetener consumption and cancer risk have shown inconsistent results. To address these discrepancies, we conducted an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to January 2025. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were recalculated using a random-effects model. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses assessed the robustness of findings. Results: Ten meta-analyses comprising 35 datasets were included. Based on the AMSTAR 2 tool, three reviews were rated as high quality, two as moderate, and five as low. Overall, artificial sweetener intake was not significantly associated with cancer risk (RR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.96-1.01). This finding reflects the effect of various sweeteners grouped together and should not be extrapolated to individual compounds. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of findings, with no publication bias detected. Across study designs-prospective (RR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.92-1.08), case-control (RR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.86-1.03), and cohort-case-control (RR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.77-1.14)-associations were consistently non-significant. By sweetener source, no significant associations emerged for artificially sweetened beverages (RR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96-1.01) or artificial sweeteners overall (RR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.94-1.06), both with low heterogeneity. Results were consistent across RR, odds ratio, and hazard ratio. By cancer type, no significant associations were found except for gynecological cancers, where higher intake was linked to reduced risk (RR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.79-0.96; Conclusion: The findings of this umbrella review do not support a significant association between artificial sweetener intake and overall cancer risk, with possible protective effects limited to gynecological cancers. Findings were consistent across study types and robust to sensitivity analyses.

Indexed as

artificial sweetenerscancerlow-calorie sweetenersriskumbrella meta-analysis

Identifiers

PMID40988757
PMCPMC12450865

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.