Evidence mapPaperPMID 40989682Full record

ReviewFrontiers in oncology2025

Navigating the nexus of type 2 diabetes mellitus and breast cancer: a comprehensive review of co-occurrence.

Rabiya Saroosh, Nazir Ahmad, Beenish Israr, Sana Arif, Nizwa Itrat, Abdul Momin Rizwan Ahmad

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Rabiya SarooshDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Nazir AhmadDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Beenish IsrarInstitute of Home Sciences, Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Sana ArifInstitute of Home Sciences, Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Nizwa ItratInstitute of Home Sciences, Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Abdul Momin Rizwan AhmadDepartment of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The co-occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and breast cancer has received considerable attention due to their global prevalence and shared metabolic pathways, greatly affecting quality of life and life expectancy, especially in women. Epidemiological evidence indicates that women with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a 20-30% higher risk of developing breast cancer than women without type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review was conducted through a comprehensive and structured literature search to identify relevant peer-reviewed studies examining the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and breast cancer. To ensure the quality and relevance of the included literature, only studies published in English were considered. The focus was on literature addressing pathological mechanisms, epidemiological data, and shared risk factors contributing to the coexistence of these conditions. Preference was given to recent publications, including systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and high-quality original research articles. The primary databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The increased risk of breast cancer among type 2 diabetic patients is largely attributed to shared risk factors such as obesity, hyperglycemia, dietary patterns, physical inactivity, age, hormonal imbalances, and genetic predispositions, all of which contribute to the coexistence of these conditions. Chronic inflammation, hyperinsulinemia, and persistent hyperglycemia, together with dysregulation of adipokine and estrogen signaling, create a carcinogenic environment that facilitates the development of breast cancer in type 2 diabetic patients. This review emphasizes the urgent need for a multidisciplinary approach to prevention and treatment. Effective intervention strategies can reduce the dual burden of these diseases, resulting in better patient outcomes and improved quality of life.

Indexed as

adipokinebreast cancerepidemiological datahyperglycemiamultidisciplinary approachpro-carcinogenic environmenttype 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID40989682
PMCPMC12450696

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.