Evidence mapPaperPMID 40989847Full record

ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2025

Empagliflozin targeting STAT3/Akt/Nrf2 axis promoting diabetic wound healing in rat model.

Rania Magadmi, Dalal Alfawaz, Ahmed Bakhshwin, Fatmah Binzomah Alghamdi, Sultan A Alfawaz, Duaa M Bakhshwin, Maha H Jamal, Roba A Sofi, Ahmed Esmat

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Rania MagadmiDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Dalal AlfawazDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed BakhshwinDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Fatmah Binzomah AlghamdiDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Sultan A AlfawazDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Duaa M BakhshwinDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Maha H JamalDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Roba A SofiDepartment of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed EsmatDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications pose a major global health challenge, with impaired wound healing leading to severe outcomes. Chronic inflammation, excessive proinflammatory cells, and high reactive oxygen species contribute to diabetic wound complications. Empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but its impact on wound healing remains unclear. Objective: To investigate the effects of empagliflozin on wound healing in diabetic rats and explore its underlying molecular mechanisms. Methodology: Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: untreated diabetic rats (STZ group), STZ + plain hydrogel, STZ + empagliflozin hydrogel (1%), STZ + oral empagliflozin (20 mg/kg), and STZ + MEBO Results: Empagliflozin-treated animals had significant wound healing improvements, confirmed by macroscopic and histological assessments, with oral administration being the most effective. Inflammatory markers, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), were markedly reduced, alongside decreased oxidative stress. Both oral and topical empagliflozin significantly upregulated key proteins involved in healing, including phosphorylated STAT3, Akt, Nrf2, SIRT1, and β-catenin. Conclusion: Empagliflozin accelerates wound healing in diabetic rats through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Oral empagliflozin exhibited superior efficacy, suggesting systemic effects that extend beyond glycemic control. These findings offer insights into its molecular mechanisms of empagliflozin as a promising therapeutic agent for diabetic wound management.

Indexed as

diabetes mellitusEmpagliflozininflammationsodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitorwound healing

Identifiers

PMID40989847
PMCPMC12450884

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.