ReviewAnnals of medicine2025
Epigenetic modifications of immune cells in rheumatoid arthritis.
Review in Annals of medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- SerumInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Targeting the cytokine-epigenetic axis: a new paradigm and prospects for disease treatment.European cytokine network · 2026Review
- METTL3-Mediated m6A Regulation of CircINTS4/miR-146b-3p Axis in Rheumatoid Arthritis.Inflammation · 2026Article
- Immune signaling as a determinant of cellular identity and tissue function.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunological heterogeneity in rheumatoid arthritis: challenges in early-stage stratification, non-response to targeted therapy, and the restoration of immune tolerance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The emerging role of histone acetylation in rheumatic diseases: unraveling mechanisms and therapeutic prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease marked by synovial inflammation, joint destruction, and systemic features. Dysregulated immune cells-particularly T cells, B cells, and macrophages-drive its onset and progression. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, RNA editing, and non-coding RNAs, critically shape immune cell activation, differentiation, and effector functions, perpetuating autoimmunity and chronic inflammation. PURPOSE: Although individual epigenetic changes in RA have been widely studied, an integrated overview connecting these alterations to disease pathogenesis and clinical application is lacking. This review aims to synthesize current knowledge on how epigenetic modifications affect key immune populations in RA, evaluate their potential as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis, and discuss future directions for precision epigenetic therapies. DISCUSSION: In RA, T cells show locus-specific hypomethylation and lncRNA-mediated regulation that boost inflammatory cytokine production. Macrophages undergo histone modification changes and altered RNA editing that amplify inflammation. B cells exhibit abnormal DNA methylation and microRNA profiles promoting autoantibody production. Together, these processes form a self-sustaining loop of immune activation. Clinically, epigenetic profiles may aid early detection and patient stratification. Targeting epigenetic enzymes and RNA-based therapies is promising but faces challenges in cell specificity, delivery, and variability.
conclusionAdvances in epigenetics could enable personalized RA management. Integrative multi-omics and cell-specific interventions may restore immune balance, control inflammation, and prevent damage. Overcoming barriers to targeted delivery and clinical translation will be key for precision epigenetic therapies in RA.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.