A comprehensive review on advancements in laser-assisted dental treatments: focus on minimally invasive techniques and clinical outcomes.

This review examines advancements in laser-assisted dental procedures, focusing on their applications, clinical outcomes, and the shift towards minimally invasive techniques. It discusses the fundamentals of laser technology, including wavelength selection, monochromaticity, coherence, and beam focusing, which enhance the precision and efficacy of treatment. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Embase, using keywords related to lasers in dentistry. Peer-reviewed articles, original research studies, clinical trials, and reviews on clinical applications, benefits, and limitations were included, whereas irrelevant studies were excluded. During the review process, we utilized a broad range of search engines to ensure the inclusion of the most up-to-date and comprehensive evidence reflecting the evolution of laser-tissue interactions. The integration of laser technology in dental practice represents a significant advancement, offering benefits such as increased precision in targeting specific areas, minimal damage to surrounding tissues, and reduced patient discomfort. Laser procedures typically result in less bleeding and swelling, often decreasing the need for anesthesia, which leads to a more comfortable patient experience. Additionally, the minimally invasive nature of lasers supports the quicker recovery and preservation of healthy tissues. This review highlights the diverse applications of lasers in dentistry, including caries detection, soft and hard tissue surgeries, periodontal therapy, and dentin hypersensitivity (DH) management, while addressing challenges such as equipment costs, training requirements, and safety considerations. The review also emphasizes the need to consider the broad spectrum of laser wavelengths currently used in clinical dentistry, beyond the commonly referenced Er: YAG, to provide a complete perspective of contemporary practice. Further research is needed to enhance the clinical integration, accessibility, and optimization of laser-based therapies.