ReviewAnnals of medicine2025
Next-generation immunotherapies for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: targeting novel immune checkpoints.
Review in Annals of medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multi-omics identification and functional validation of signal regulatory protein gamma as a prognostic biomarker and immune regulator in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Perioperative immunotherapy in resectable HNSCC: biological rationale to practical multidisciplinary implementation.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- From Radical Resection to Precision Surgery: Integrating Diagnostic Biomarkers, Radiomics-Based Predictive Models, and Perioperative Systemic Therapy in Head and Neck Oncology.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe purpose of this review is to explore eight novel immune checkpoints (PD-L2, B7-H3, VISTA, BTLA, TIM-3, LAG-3, TIGIT and GITR) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), including their biological properties, therapeutic potential and the possibility of combining them with other immune checkpoints (ICs) or emerging biotechnological approaches such as nanomaterials, oncolytic viruses (OVs) and tumour vaccines, with the aim of providing new treatment directions for HNSCC.
methodsWe conducted a review and analysis of numerous studies in the past 5 years to understand the expression patterns, roles and the current state of related therapies for these eight novel ICs in HNSCC. We also examined the synergistic effects of combining these ICs with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), nanomaterials, OVs and tumour vaccines.
resultsThese novel ICs show unique expression and functions in HNSCC, offering new targets for overcoming tumour immune heterogeneity and resistance. Therapies targeting these ICs, such as monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors, have shown potential in preclinical studies. Moreover, combining these ICs with ICIs, nanomaterials, OVs and tumour vaccines has demonstrated enhanced antitumour effects, indicating broad application prospects.
conclusionThe eight novel ICs and their integration with emerging biotechnological approaches provide new hope for HNSCC treatment. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms of these novel ICs and optimize combination strategies to improve treatment precision and efficacy for HNSCC patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.