ArticleClinical kidney journal2025
Empagliflozin and fluid balance: results from the SiRENA project.
Article in Clinical kidney journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of heart failure pharmacotherapy on natriuresis and diuresis: A narrative review.Heart failure reviews · 2026Review
- SGLT2 gene expression in thirst-promoting NOS1 neurons and vasopressin-synthesizing neurons in male rats.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Why are SGLT2 inhibitors effective in HFpEF? Implications for interstitial fluid retention and cardio-renal interaction.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) exert cardiorenal benefits in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), possibly mediated by natriuresis and changes in fluid balance. We examined the effects of empagliflozin on fluid and electrolyte balance. Methods: Employing a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design, we conducted three identical trials examining patients with T2D with and without CKD and non-diabetic CKD, respectively. A total of 49 participants were randomized to 4 weeks of empagliflozin 10 mg/day or matching placebo and crossed over to the opposite treatment after a wash-out. We measured body composition, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and several markers of fluid and electrolyte balance. Results: In the combined cohort, empagliflozin reduced extracellular body water by 0.29 l [95% confidence interval (CI) -0.54 to -0.03, Conclusion: SGLT2i could exert diuretic effects that, although compensated for by increased ADH and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity, causes lasting changes in fluid balance. Trial registration: EU Clinical Trials Register 2019-004303-12, 2019-004447-80 and 2019-004467-50.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.